Rhyann C McKay1, Kelsey R Wuerstl2, Shelia Casemore3, Teren Y Clarke4, Christopher B McBride5, Heather L Gainforth6. 1. University of British Columbia Okanagan, Faculty of Health and Social Development, 1147 Research Rd. Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada. Electronic address: rhyann.mckay@alumni.ubc.ca. 2. University of British Columbia Okanagan, Faculty of Health and Social Development, 1147 Research Rd. Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada. 3. Spinal Cord Injury Ontario, 520 Sutherland Drive, Toronto, ON M4G 3V9, Canada. 4. Spinal Cord Injury Alberta, #400, 11010 - 101 Street, Edmonton, AB T5H 4B9, Canada. 5. Spinal Cord Injury British Columbia, 780 SW Marine Drive, Vancouver, BC V6P 5Y7, Canada. 6. University of British Columbia Okanagan, Faculty of Health and Social Development, 1147 Research Rd. Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada; International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), 818 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. Electronic address: heather.gainforth@ubc.ca.
Abstract
RATIONALE: Research has extensively examined the adverse outcomes of being family support provider also known as a family caregiver, of someone with spinal cord injury (SCI) such as psychological distress, poor health, and burden. Despite clear evidence of the negative impact of this social role, few interventions exist aiming to support family support providers of people with SCI. OBJECTIVE: This scoping review aimed to guide future intervention development by identifying the components necessary to develop an intervention to support SCI family support providers using the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW). METHODS: Electronic databases (CINAHL, PsycINFO, Medline, Embase) were searched in May 2017. Articles relating to outcomes and/or behaviours of support providers of people with SCI were identified. Intervention components of the BCW, including behaviours, factors influencing behaviours, intervention content, and evaluation methods, were extracted from included articles. RESULTS: Of the 59 included articles, most emphasized the outcomes of being a support provider but provided little evidence of behaviours, which may influence such outcomes. The most commonly identified behaviours included engaging in leisure time or daily activities, problem-solving, and providing support. Very few measures were used to measure engagement in behaviours objectively. The literature suggests that behaviours are often influenced by family support providers' physical and social environments. However, barriers may vary between behaviours and contexts. CONCLUSION: The results of this review show that there are many viable behavioural targets for intervention. Therefore, intervention efforts may need to be tailored to individuals' needs. A promising intervention approach may be to use a theory which promotes change in the ecological context of family support providers while encouraging behavioural strategies to overcome individual barriers. Future research should further examine the factors that influence specific behaviours to more comprehensively understand the context of the behaviour as well as effective intervention strategies to promote change.
RATIONALE: Research has extensively examined the adverse outcomes of being family support provider also known as a family caregiver, of someone with spinal cord injury (SCI) such as psychological distress, poor health, and burden. Despite clear evidence of the negative impact of this social role, few interventions exist aiming to support family support providers of people with SCI. OBJECTIVE: This scoping review aimed to guide future intervention development by identifying the components necessary to develop an intervention to support SCI family support providers using the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW). METHODS: Electronic databases (CINAHL, PsycINFO, Medline, Embase) were searched in May 2017. Articles relating to outcomes and/or behaviours of support providers of people with SCI were identified. Intervention components of the BCW, including behaviours, factors influencing behaviours, intervention content, and evaluation methods, were extracted from included articles. RESULTS: Of the 59 included articles, most emphasized the outcomes of being a support provider but provided little evidence of behaviours, which may influence such outcomes. The most commonly identified behaviours included engaging in leisure time or daily activities, problem-solving, and providing support. Very few measures were used to measure engagement in behaviours objectively. The literature suggests that behaviours are often influenced by family support providers' physical and social environments. However, barriers may vary between behaviours and contexts. CONCLUSION: The results of this review show that there are many viable behavioural targets for intervention. Therefore, intervention efforts may need to be tailored to individuals' needs. A promising intervention approach may be to use a theory which promotes change in the ecological context of family support providers while encouraging behavioural strategies to overcome individual barriers. Future research should further examine the factors that influence specific behaviours to more comprehensively understand the context of the behaviour as well as effective intervention strategies to promote change.
Authors: Emily E Giroux; Sheila Casemore; Teren Y Clarke; Christopher B McBride; Kelsey R Wuerstl; Heather L Gainforth Journal: Spinal Cord Date: 2020-09-28 Impact factor: 2.772
Authors: Vera-Ellen M Lucci; Rhyann C McKay; Christopher B McBride; Maureen S McGrath; Rhonda Willms; Heather L Gainforth; Victoria E Claydon Journal: Spinal Cord Date: 2022-01-07 Impact factor: 2.473