Efficient Verification of Pure Quantum States in the Adversarial Scenario.

Efficient verification of pure quantum states in the adversarial scenario is crucial to many applications in quantum information processing, such as blind measurement-based quantum computation and quantum networks. However, little is known about this topic so far. Here, we establish a general framework for verifying pure quantum states in the adversarial scenario and clarify the resource cost. Moreover, we propose a simple and general recipe to constructing efficient verification protocols for the adversarial scenario from protocols for the nonadversarial scenario. With this recipe, arbitrary pure states can be verified in the adversarial scenario with almost the same efficiency as in the nonadversarial scenario. Many important quantum states can be verified in the adversarial scenario using local projective measurements with unprecedented high efficiencies.