Lina Zhu1, Yong Wang1, Yuehua Zhu1, Wei Zhang1, Jinming Zhu2. 1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Huaihai Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University 226 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China. 2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University 46 Heping Road, Xuzhou 221009, Jiangsu, China.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression and significance of NOD1 (nucleotide oligomerization domain 1) and its downstream factors in placenta, fetal membrane and plasma of pregnancies with premature rupture of membranes (PROM). METHODS: 60 cases of PROM pregnancies were recruited, including 30 cases of preterm premature rupture of membranes (< 37 weeks) and 30 cases of mature premature rupture of membranes (≥ 37 weeks); 30 healthy pregnancies in the same period were selected as a control group (gestational weeks ≥ 37 weeks). Western blot was used to detect the expression of NOD1, receptor interacting protein 2 (RIP2) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in placenta and fetal membrane tissues of the three groups. Immunohistochemistry staining was used to investigate the protein levels of NOD1 in the placenta and fetal membrane of three groups of pregnancies. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) demonstrated the expression of NOD1, RIP2, and NF-κB mRNA in placenta, fetal membrane, and plasma of the three groups. The content of NOD1 in plasma was detected by ELISA. RESULTS: Western blot analysis showed that the expressions of NOD1, RIP2 and NF-κB in the placenta and fetal membrane of the preterm PROM group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the increased levels of NOD1, RIP2 and NF-κB protein in placenta and fetal membrane of mature PROM group were more dramatic than those in the preterm PROM group (P < 0.05). The immunohistochemical staining showed that the staining intensity of NOD1 in placenta and fetal membranes of mature PROM group was stronger those that in the preterm PROM group, and the staining intensity of the former two groups was significantly higher than that of the control group. RT-qPCR detection showed that the mRNA expressions of NOD1, RIP2 and NF-κB in placenta, fetal membrane and plasma of preterm PROM group were significantly higher than in the control group (P < 0.01). In addition, NOD1, RIP2 and NF-κB mRNA levels in the placenta, fetal membranes and plasma of mature PROM group were further increased compared with preterm PROM group (P < 0.01); ELISA assay revealed that the levels of NOD1 in plasma of the mature PROM group, preterm PROM group and control group were (8.34±0.16), (6.82±0.11) and (0.92±0.08) ng/mL, respectively. In the mature PROM group, the content of NOD1 in plasma was increased compared with preterm PROM group (P < 0.05), and plasma NOD1 in both the mature PROM group and preterm PROM group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Premature rupture of membranes leads to increaseh mRNA and protein levels of NOD1, RIP2 and NF-κB in placenta, fetal membrane, and peripheral blood, which triggers an inflammatory response and increases the severity of PROM. IJCEP
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression and significance of NOD1 (nucleotide oligomerization domain 1) and its downstream factors in placenta, fetal membrane and plasma of pregnancies with premature rupture of membranes (PROM). METHODS: 60 cases of PROM pregnancies were recruited, including 30 cases of preterm premature rupture of membranes (< 37 weeks) and 30 cases of mature premature rupture of membranes (≥ 37 weeks); 30 healthy pregnancies in the same period were selected as a control group (gestational weeks ≥ 37 weeks). Western blot was used to detect the expression of NOD1, receptor interacting protein 2 (RIP2) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in placenta and fetal membrane tissues of the three groups. Immunohistochemistry staining was used to investigate the protein levels of NOD1 in the placenta and fetal membrane of three groups of pregnancies. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) demonstrated the expression of NOD1, RIP2, and NF-κB mRNA in placenta, fetal membrane, and plasma of the three groups. The content of NOD1 in plasma was detected by ELISA. RESULTS: Western blot analysis showed that the expressions of NOD1, RIP2 and NF-κB in the placenta and fetal membrane of the preterm PROM group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the increased levels of NOD1, RIP2 and NF-κB protein in placenta and fetal membrane of mature PROM group were more dramatic than those in the preterm PROM group (P < 0.05). The immunohistochemical staining showed that the staining intensity of NOD1 in placenta and fetal membranes of mature PROM group was stronger those that in the preterm PROM group, and the staining intensity of the former two groups was significantly higher than that of the control group. RT-qPCR detection showed that the mRNA expressions of NOD1, RIP2 and NF-κB in placenta, fetal membrane and plasma of preterm PROM group were significantly higher than in the control group (P < 0.01). In addition, NOD1, RIP2 and NF-κB mRNA levels in the placenta, fetal membranes and plasma of mature PROM group were further increased compared with preterm PROM group (P < 0.01); ELISA assay revealed that the levels of NOD1 in plasma of the mature PROM group, preterm PROM group and control group were (8.34±0.16), (6.82±0.11) and (0.92±0.08) ng/mL, respectively. In the mature PROM group, the content of NOD1 in plasma was increased compared with preterm PROM group (P < 0.05), and plasma NOD1 in both the mature PROM group and preterm PROM group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Premature rupture of membranes leads to increaseh mRNA and protein levels of NOD1, RIP2 and NF-κB in placenta, fetal membrane, and peripheral blood, which triggers an inflammatory response and increases the severity of PROM. IJCEP
Authors: Mai Hoang; Julie A Potter; Stefan M Gysler; Christina S Han; Seth Guller; Errol R Norwitz; Vikki M Abrahams Journal: Biol Reprod Date: 2014-02-27 Impact factor: 4.285
Authors: Stephen E Girardin; Ivo G Boneca; Leticia A M Carneiro; Aude Antignac; Muguette Jéhanno; Jérôme Viala; Karsten Tedin; Muhamed-Kheir Taha; Agnes Labigne; Ulrich Zähringer; Anthony J Coyle; Peter S DiStefano; John Bertin; Philippe J Sansonetti; Dana J Philpott Journal: Science Date: 2003-06-06 Impact factor: 47.728