Ping Ma1, Zhenwu Luo2, Jing Qian3, Zhongfang Yan3, Lumin Zhang4, Lisa Martin5, Ziyu Wang3, Huan Xia3, Fangfang Yu3, Wei Jiang6. 1. School of Medicine, Department of Infectious Disease, Nankai University Second People's Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, China; Tianjin STD and AIDS Prevention and Treatment Association, Tianjin 300192, China. Electronic address: 30917046@nankai.edu.cn. 2. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. 3. School of Medicine, Department of Infectious Disease, Nankai University Second People's Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, China. 4. Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA. 5. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. 6. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. Electronic address: jianw@musc.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Racial differences have been observed in the rate of bacterial infection and disease progression in HIV. Here, we evaluate racial differences in seasonal influenza vaccine responses. METHODS: 16 healthy controls (9 Caucasians (CC) and 7 African Americans (AA)) and 26 antiretroviral therapy (ART)-treated aviremic HIV+ subjects (11 CC and 15 AA) were enrolled in the current study. Blood was collected at pre-vaccination (D0) and day 14 (D14) following seasonal influenza vaccination. Serologic responses were characterized in plasma by ELISA. B and T cells were assessed by flow cytometry ex vivo. RESULTS: The absolute counts of CD4+ CD3+ T cells and CD19+ B cells were similar in healthy controls and HIV-infected individuals, and similar in CC and AA in the two study groups. However, the percentage of peripheral T follicular helper (pTfh) cells was decreased in HIV+ AA compared to HIV+ CC. There were no racial differences in IgG antibody responses against vaccination in the two study groups. However, the ratio of anti-influenza-specific IgG versus IgM induction following vaccination was decreased in HIV+ AA compared to HIV+ CC, which was directly correlated with the percentages of pTfh cells. This racial difference and correlation were not demonstrable in healthy controls. CONCLUSION: Here we report that HIV + AA has decreased fold induction of IgG versus IgM after influenza vaccination, which may suggest impaired class-switching from IgM to IgG in AA HIV-infected individuals.
BACKGROUND: Racial differences have been observed in the rate of bacterial infection and disease progression in HIV. Here, we evaluate racial differences in seasonal influenza vaccine responses. METHODS: 16 healthy controls (9 Caucasians (CC) and 7 African Americans (AA)) and 26 antiretroviral therapy (ART)-treated aviremic HIV+ subjects (11 CC and 15 AA) were enrolled in the current study. Blood was collected at pre-vaccination (D0) and day 14 (D14) following seasonal influenza vaccination. Serologic responses were characterized in plasma by ELISA. B and T cells were assessed by flow cytometry ex vivo. RESULTS: The absolute counts of CD4+ CD3+ T cells and CD19+ B cells were similar in healthy controls and HIV-infected individuals, and similar in CC and AA in the two study groups. However, the percentage of peripheral T follicular helper (pTfh) cells was decreased in HIV+ AA compared to HIV+ CC. There were no racial differences in IgG antibody responses against vaccination in the two study groups. However, the ratio of anti-influenza-specific IgG versus IgM induction following vaccination was decreased in HIV+ AA compared to HIV+ CC, which was directly correlated with the percentages of pTfh cells. This racial difference and correlation were not demonstrable in healthy controls. CONCLUSION: Here we report that HIV + AA has decreased fold induction of IgG versus IgM after influenza vaccination, which may suggest impaired class-switching from IgM to IgG in AA HIV-infected individuals.
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