Comprehensive assessment of mechanical behavior of an extremely long stent graft to control hemorrhage in torso.

Traumatic vascular injuries, resulting from either civilian accidents or wounded soldiers, require new endovascular devices (i.e., stent graft) to rapidly control the excessive internal hemorrhage in torso region. Current stent designs are limited by their permanent nature, which is note well suited for emergent placement. A retrievable stent graft could regulate the internal bleeding temporarily, as fast as possible with the most feasible performance, until the patients arrive the hospital to receive the proper treatment. The novel endovascular device of this study is designed according to the anatomy of a porcine model with plans to transition to a human model in the future. The stent graft is manufactured using a substantially long nitinol backbone and covered selectively based on anatomic measurements, with highly stretchable expanded-polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE). In this study, our group comprehensively explored designing and manufacturing methods, and their impact on the stent graft performance. Geometric parameters and heat treatment conditions were investigated to show their effect on the radial force of the metallic backbone. As a retrievable device, the resistance force for retrieval as well as deployment were measured, and analyzed to be manipulated through ePTFE covering configurations. In vitro measurements for bleeding were measured using swine aorta to show the functionality of the stent graft under the simulated pulsatile flow circulation. Finally, the stent graft showed substantial effectiveness for hemorrhage control in vivo, using swine model. The new design and fabrication methods enable rapid hemorrhage control that can be removed at the time of a dedicated surgical repair.