Inbar Raber1, Cian P McCarthy2, Mahmoud Al Rifai3, Muthiah Vaduganathan4, Erin D Michos5, Malissa J Wood6, Yvonne M Smyth7, Nasrien E Ibrahim6, Doreen DeFaria Yeh6, Aarti Asnani8, Roxana Mehran9, John W McEvoy10. 1. Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. Electronic address: iraber@bidmc.harvard.edu. 2. Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. 3. Department of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX. 4. Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. 5. Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD. 6. Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. 7. Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Saolta University Healthcare Group, University College Hospital Galway, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland. 8. Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. 9. Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY. 10. Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Saolta University Healthcare Group, University College Hospital Galway, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; National Institute for Prevention and Cardiovascular Health, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: There is a wage gap among men and women practicing cardiology. Differences in industry funding can be both a consequence of and a contributor to gender differences in salaries. We sought to determine whether gender differences exist in the distribution, types, and amounts of industry payments among men and women in cardiology. METHODS: In this cross-sectional analysis, we used the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Open Payment program database to obtain 2016 industry payment data for US cardiologists. We also used UK Disclosure data to obtain 2016 industry payments to UK cardiologists. Outcomes included the proportions of male and female cardiologists receiving industry funding and the mean industry payment amounts received by male and female cardiologists. Where possible, we also assessed 2014 and 2015 data in both locations. RESULTS: Of the 22,848 practicing Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services US cardiologists in 2016, 20,037 (88%) were men and 2,811 (12%) were women. Proportionally more men than women received industry payments in 2016 (78.0% vs 68.5%, respectively; P < .001). Men received higher overall mean industry payments than women ($6,193.25 vs. $2,501.55, P < .001). Results were similar in 2014 and 2015. Among UK cardiologists, more men (24.4%) than women (13.5%) received industry payments in 2016 (P < .001). However, although the difference in overall industry payments was numerically larger among men compared to women, this did not achieve statistical significance (£2,348.31 vs £1,501.37, respectively, P = .35). CONCLUSIONS: Industry payments to cardiologists are common, and there are gender differences in these payments on both sides of the Atlantic.
BACKGROUND: There is a wage gap among men and women practicing cardiology. Differences in industry funding can be both a consequence of and a contributor to gender differences in salaries. We sought to determine whether gender differences exist in the distribution, types, and amounts of industry payments among men and women in cardiology. METHODS: In this cross-sectional analysis, we used the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Open Payment program database to obtain 2016 industry payment data for US cardiologists. We also used UK Disclosure data to obtain 2016 industry payments to UK cardiologists. Outcomes included the proportions of male and female cardiologists receiving industry funding and the mean industry payment amounts received by male and female cardiologists. Where possible, we also assessed 2014 and 2015 data in both locations. RESULTS: Of the 22,848 practicing Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services US cardiologists in 2016, 20,037 (88%) were men and 2,811 (12%) were women. Proportionally more men than women received industry payments in 2016 (78.0% vs 68.5%, respectively; P < .001). Men received higher overall mean industry payments than women ($6,193.25 vs. $2,501.55, P < .001). Results were similar in 2014 and 2015. Among UK cardiologists, more men (24.4%) than women (13.5%) received industry payments in 2016 (P < .001). However, although the difference in overall industry payments was numerically larger among men compared to women, this did not achieve statistical significance (£2,348.31 vs £1,501.37, respectively, P = .35). CONCLUSIONS: Industry payments to cardiologists are common, and there are gender differences in these payments on both sides of the Atlantic.
Authors: SooYoung H VanDeMark; Mia R Woloszyn; Laura A Christman; Michael H Gatusky; Warren S Lam; Stephanie S Tilberry; Brian J Piper Journal: JAMA Netw Open Date: 2022-07-01
Authors: Alessandra Storino; Carolina Vigna; John C Polanco-Santana; Ernest Park; Kristen Crowell; Anne Fabrizio; Thomas E Cataldo; Evangelos Messaris Journal: Surg Endosc Date: 2022-02-01 Impact factor: 3.453
Authors: Joseph X Robin; Sudarsan Murali; Kyle D Paul; Alexander M Kofskey; Anthony L Wilson; Adam M Almaguer; Bradley W Wills; Gerald McGwin; Amit M Momaya; Eugene W Brabston; Brent A Ponce Journal: JB JS Open Access Date: 2021-12-08