Historical origins of the discovery of mammalian nitric oxide (nitrogen monoxide) production/physiology/pathophysiology.

The award of the 1998 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to Robert F. Furchgott, Louis J. Ignarro, and Ferid Murad "for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signaling molecule in the cardiovascular system" highlighted the discovery of NO in mammals. This breakthrough also coincided with the discoveries of the role of NO as a cytotoxic effector in the immune system and as an intercellular neurotransmitter in the nervous system. This brief overview describes the chronological development of this trilinear convergence in 1986-1988, including background chemistry and history of human/nitrogen oxide interactions in general.