Yaswanth Kuthati1, Prabhakar Busa2, Venkata Naga Goutham Davuluri3, Chih Shung Wong1. 1. Department of Anesthesiology, Cathy General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. 2. Department of Life Sciences, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan. 3. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced oxidative stress is linked to numerous neurological diseases, including neuropathic pain. Natural ROS scavenging enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase have been found to be efficient in alleviating neuropathic pain. However, their sensitivity towards extreme pH and a short half-life limit their efficacy in vivo. Manganese oxide nanoparticles (MONPs) are recently known to possess ROS scavenging properties. In this study, MONPs were examined for their therapeutic effect on neuropathic pain. METHODS: The MONPs were synthesized by a hydrothermal method. The synthesized MONPs were characterized by UV/Vis, TEM, SEM, FTIR, NTA and XRD. The biocompatibility of the nanoparticles is evaluated in neural cells using LDH assay. MONPs were evaluated for their antioxidant activity by DPPH assay. In addition, in vitro ROS scavenging properties were examined in bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMDM) cells using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFDA) assay. To evaluate the in vivo efficacy of nanoparticles, neuropathic pain was induced in Wistar rats by partial sciatic nerve transection (PSNT). On post-transection days 14 to 18, rats were intrathecally injected with MONPs and paw withdrawal threshold was measured. The spinal cords were collected and processed for Western blotting and histological analysis. RESULTS: The synthesized MONPs were biocompatible and showed effective antioxidant activity against DPPH free radical scavenging. Further, the nanoparticles scavenged ROS efficiently in vitro in BMDM and their intrathecal administration significantly reduced mechanical allodynia as well as the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an important mediator of chronic and inflammatory pain in the spinal dorsal horns of PSNT rats. CONCLUSION: As ROS play a significant role in neuropathic pain, we expect that MONPs could be a promising tool for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases and might also serve as a potential nanocarrier for the delivery of analgesics.
BACKGROUND: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced oxidative stress is linked to numerous neurological diseases, including neuropathic pain. Natural ROS scavenging enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase have been found to be efficient in alleviating neuropathic pain. However, their sensitivity towards extreme pH and a short half-life limit their efficacy in vivo. Manganese oxide nanoparticles (MONPs) are recently known to possess ROS scavenging properties. In this study, MONPs were examined for their therapeutic effect on neuropathic pain. METHODS: The MONPs were synthesized by a hydrothermal method. The synthesized MONPs were characterized by UV/Vis, TEM, SEM, FTIR, NTA and XRD. The biocompatibility of the nanoparticles is evaluated in neural cells using LDH assay. MONPs were evaluated for their antioxidant activity by DPPH assay. In addition, in vitro ROS scavenging properties were examined in bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMDM) cells using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFDA) assay. To evaluate the in vivo efficacy of nanoparticles, neuropathic pain was induced in Wistar rats by partial sciatic nerve transection (PSNT). On post-transection days 14 to 18, rats were intrathecally injected with MONPs and paw withdrawal threshold was measured. The spinal cords were collected and processed for Western blotting and histological analysis. RESULTS: The synthesized MONPs were biocompatible and showed effective antioxidant activity against DPPH free radical scavenging. Further, the nanoparticles scavenged ROS efficiently in vitro in BMDM and their intrathecal administration significantly reduced mechanical allodynia as well as the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an important mediator of chronic and inflammatory pain in the spinal dorsal horns of PSNT rats. CONCLUSION: As ROS play a significant role in neuropathic pain, we expect that MONPs could be a promising tool for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases and might also serve as a potential nanocarrier for the delivery of analgesics.