Mohammad Zibaei1, Mohammad Reza Chaechi Nosrati2, Farnosh Shadnoosh3, Elham Houshmand4, Maryam Fasihi Karami3, Mandana Khorsandi Rafsanjani5, Hamidreza Majidiani6, Fatemeh Ghaffarifar6, Hélder Carola Espiguinha Cortes7, Sahar Dalvand8, Milad Badri6. 1. Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran. 2. Department of pathobiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. 3. Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. 4. Department of Parasitology, Faculty of veterinary medicine, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Guilan. 5. Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran. 6. Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. 7. Laboratório de Parasitologia. Núcleo da Mitra. Universidade de Évora (ICAM), Portugal. 8. Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Hookworm infections are neglected tropical diseases of humans and animals worldwide. A meta-analysis and systematic review was designed to evaluate the prevalence of hookworm infection in animal and human hosts in Asia until July 2018. METHODS: The available online articles of five English databases (PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science and Google Scholar) were explored. RESULTS: The most parasitized carnivores were jackal (48%, CI: 4 to 91%), followed by dog (41%, CI: 29 to 53%), cat (26%, CI: 14 to 38%) and the red fox (19%, CI: 13 to 24%). The weighted prevalence of Ancylostoma braziliensis, A. caninum, A. ceylanicum, A. tubaeforme and Uncinaria stenocephala isolated from different canids were found to be 27% (CI: 21 to 33%), 23% (CI: 7.0 to 53%), 24% (CI: 12 to 35%), 44% (CI: 37 to 51%) and 37% (CI: 18 to 55%), respectively. In total, 98 records were obtained for human hookworms from 3209 760 examined individuals and the calculated weighted prevalence in this population was 19% (CI: 17 to 20%). CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight a desirable ecological milieu for parasite survival and transmission in such territories, which implicates revisiting control programs and public health infrastructures in those areas.
INTRODUCTION:Hookworm infections are neglected tropical diseases of humans and animals worldwide. A meta-analysis and systematic review was designed to evaluate the prevalence of hookworm infection in animal and human hosts in Asia until July 2018. METHODS: The available online articles of five English databases (PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science and Google Scholar) were explored. RESULTS: The most parasitized carnivores were jackal (48%, CI: 4 to 91%), followed by dog (41%, CI: 29 to 53%), cat (26%, CI: 14 to 38%) and the red fox (19%, CI: 13 to 24%). The weighted prevalence of Ancylostoma braziliensis, A. caninum, A. ceylanicum, A. tubaeforme and Uncinaria stenocephala isolated from different canids were found to be 27% (CI: 21 to 33%), 23% (CI: 7.0 to 53%), 24% (CI: 12 to 35%), 44% (CI: 37 to 51%) and 37% (CI: 18 to 55%), respectively. In total, 98 records were obtained for human hookworms from 3209 760 examined individuals and the calculated weighted prevalence in this population was 19% (CI: 17 to 20%). CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight a desirable ecological milieu for parasite survival and transmission in such territories, which implicates revisiting control programs and public health infrastructures in those areas.