Vlasios Brakoulias1,2, Vladan Starcevic1, Umberto Albert3,4, Shyam S Arumugham5, Brenda E Bailey6, Amparo Belloch7, Tania Borda8,9, Liliana Dell'Osso10,11, Jason A Elias12, Martha J Falkenstein12, Ygor A Ferrao13, Leonardo F Fontenelle14,15, Lena Jelinek16, Brian Kay6, Christine Lochner17, Giuseppe Maina4, Donatella Marazziti10, Hisato Matsunaga18, Euripedes C Miguel19, Pedro Morgado20,21,22, Massimo Pasquini23, Ricardo Perez-Rivera8, Sriramya Potluri12, Janardhan Y C Reddy5, Brad C Riemann6, Maria C do Rosario24, Roseli G Shavitt18, Dan J Stein17, Kirupamani Viswasam1, Naomi A Fineberg25. 1. Department of Psychiatry, Sydney Medical School - Nepean, The University of Sydney and Nepean Hospital, Sydney/Penrith, Australia. 2. School of Medicine, Blacktown Hospital, Western Sydney University, Sydney/Blacktown, Australia. 3. Department of Neuroscience, Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Turin, Torino, Italy. 4. Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. 5. Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India. 6. Rogers Memorial Hospital, Oconomowoc, WI, USA. 7. Department of Personality Psychology, Research Unit for Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, I'TOC, Universidad de Valencia, Spain. 8. Bio-Behavioral Institute, Buenos Aires, Argentina. 9. Department of Psychology, Argentinian Catholic University (UCA), Buenos Aires, Argentina. 10. Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Section of Psychiatry, Univeristy of Pisa, Pisa, Italy. 11. Dipartmento di Farmacia, Univeristy of Pisa, Pisa, Italy. 12. McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA. 13. Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil. 14. Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. 15. Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia. 16. Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. 17. Department of Psychiatry, MRC Unit on Anxiety Disorders, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa. 18. Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan. 19. Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. 20. Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. 21. ICVS-3Bs PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal. 22. Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal. 23. Department of Human Neurosciences, University of Rome, Sapienza, Italy. 24. Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. 25. Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK.
Abstract
Objectives: To assess the rates of co-occurring putative 'behavioural addictions' in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Methods: Twenty-three international centres specialising in the treatment of OCD were invited to participate in a survey of the rates of behavioural addictions and other relevant comorbidity within their samples. Results: Sixteen of 23 (69.6%) invited centres from 13 countries had sufficient data to participate in the survey. The use of validated diagnostic tools was discrepant, with most centres relying on a 'clinical diagnosis' to diagnose behavioural addictions. The final sample comprised of 6916 patients with a primary diagnosis of OCD. The reported rates of behavioural addictions were as follows: 8.7% for problematic internet use, 6.8% for compulsive sexual behaviour disorder, 6.4% for compulsive buying, 4.1% for gambling disorder and 3.4% for internet gaming disorder.Conclusions: Behavioural addictions should be better assessed for patients with OCD. The absence of diagnostic scales developed specifically for behavioural addictions and overlapping obsessive-compulsive phenomena such as compulsive checking of information on the internet may explain the relatively high rate of problematic internet use in this sample. The study encourages better efforts to assess and to conceptualise the relatedness of behavioural addictions to obsessive-compulsive 'spectrum' disorders.
Objectives: To assess the rates of co-occurring putative 'behavioural addictions' in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Methods: Twenty-three international centres specialising in the treatment of OCD were invited to participate in a survey of the rates of behavioural addictions and other relevant comorbidity within their samples. Results: Sixteen of 23 (69.6%) invited centres from 13 countries had sufficient data to participate in the survey. The use of validated diagnostic tools was discrepant, with most centres relying on a 'clinical diagnosis' to diagnose behavioural addictions. The final sample comprised of 6916 patients with a primary diagnosis of OCD. The reported rates of behavioural addictions were as follows: 8.7% for problematic internet use, 6.8% for compulsive sexual behaviour disorder, 6.4% for compulsive buying, 4.1% for gambling disorder and 3.4% for internet gaming disorder.Conclusions: Behavioural addictions should be better assessed for patients with OCD. The absence of diagnostic scales developed specifically for behavioural addictions and overlapping obsessive-compulsive phenomena such as compulsive checking of information on the internet may explain the relatively high rate of problematic internet use in this sample. The study encourages better efforts to assess and to conceptualise the relatedness of behavioural addictions to obsessive-compulsive 'spectrum' disorders.
Authors: Lindsey A Snaychuk; Ygor A Ferrão; Leonardo F Fontenelle; Euripedes C Miguel; Maria A de Mathis; Marco D T Scanavino; Hyoun S Kim Journal: Arch Sex Behav Date: 2022-09-06