Na-Rae Shin1, A Yeong Lee2, Jun-Ho Song2, Sungyu Yang2, Inkyu Park2, Je-Oh Lim1, Tae-Yang Jung1, Je-Won Ko1, Jong-Choon Kim1, Kyung Seob Lim3, Min Young Lee4, In-Sik Shin5, Joong Sun Kim6. 1. College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Project Team), Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, South Korea. 2. Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 111 Geonjae-ro, Naju-si, Jeollanam-do 58245, South Korea. 3. Futuristic Animal Resource and Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28116, South Korea. 4. College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, South Korea. 5. College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Project Team), Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, South Korea. Electronic address: dvmmk79@gmail.com. 6. Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 111 Geonjae-ro, Naju-si, Jeollanam-do 58245, South Korea. Electronic address: centraline@kiom.re.kr.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Scrophularia buergeriana Miq. (Scrophulariaceae) (SB) has been used as an oriental medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, such as neuritis and pharyngolaryngitis. PURPOSE: We explored the therapeutic effects of S. buergeriana ethanol extract (SBE) on airway inflammation in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthmatic mice and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. METHODS: Mice were intraperitoneally injected with OVA on days 0 and 14 to elevate the immune response. On days 21 to 23, the mice were challenged with OVA solution and SBE (20 and 40 mg/kg) was administered daily by oral gavage from days 18 to 23. RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with SBE 1 h before LPS stimulation. RESULTS: SBE administration effectively suppressed inflammatory cell infiltration, the expression of interleukin (IL)-5, IL-13, and IL-17, immunoglobulin E, and airway hyperresponsiveness in an OVA-induced allergic asthma model. A reduction in histological alterations, including airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion, was observed. These effects of SBE were accompanied by a decrease in matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) phosphorylation. These responses were observed in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. SBE treatment reduced the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-6, and MMP-9, and NF-κB phosphorylation, in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that SBE effectively attenuated airway inflammation in an OVA-induced allergic asthma model. These properties of SBE were thought to be involved in the suppression of NF-κB phosphorylation, suggesting that the material has the potential to regulate the development of allergic asthma.
BACKGROUND:Scrophularia buergeriana Miq. (Scrophulariaceae) (SB) has been used as an oriental medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, such as neuritis and pharyngolaryngitis. PURPOSE: We explored the therapeutic effects of S. buergerianaethanol extract (SBE) on airway inflammation in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthmatic mice and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. METHODS:Mice were intraperitoneally injected with OVA on days 0 and 14 to elevate the immune response. On days 21 to 23, the mice were challenged with OVA solution and SBE (20 and 40 mg/kg) was administered daily by oral gavage from days 18 to 23. RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with SBE 1 h before LPS stimulation. RESULTS: SBE administration effectively suppressed inflammatory cell infiltration, the expression of interleukin (IL)-5, IL-13, and IL-17, immunoglobulin E, and airway hyperresponsiveness in an OVA-induced allergic asthma model. A reduction in histological alterations, including airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion, was observed. These effects of SBE were accompanied by a decrease in matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) phosphorylation. These responses were observed in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. SBE treatment reduced the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-6, and MMP-9, and NF-κB phosphorylation, in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that SBE effectively attenuated airway inflammation in an OVA-induced allergic asthma model. These properties of SBE were thought to be involved in the suppression of NF-κB phosphorylation, suggesting that the material has the potential to regulate the development of allergic asthma.