Niamh Lagan1,2, Dean Huggard1, Fiona Mc Grane1,2, Timothy Ronan Leahy3, Orla Franklin4, Edna Roche1,5, David Webb1,6, Aengus O' Marcaigh7, Des Cox8, Afif El-Khuffash9, Peter Greally1,10, Joanne Balfe1,2, Eleanor J Molloy1,2,11. 1. Paediatrics, Academic Centre, Tallaght Hospital, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Ireland. 2. Department of Neurodisability and Developmental Paediatrics, Children's Health Ireland at Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland. 3. Immunology, Our Lady's Children's Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland. 4. Cardiology, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland. 5. Paediatric Endocrinology, Tallaght University Hospital Dublin, Ireland. 6. Department of Neurology, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland. 7. Department of Haematology & Oncology, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland. 8. Department of Respiratory, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland. 9. Department of Neonatology, Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. 10. Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Children's Health Ireland at Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland. 11. Neonatology, CHI at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland.
Abstract
AIM: To review multiorgan involvement and management in children with Down syndrome (DS). METHODS: A literature review of articles from 1980 to 2019 using the MEDLINE interface of PubMed was performed using the following search terms- [Down syndrome] or [Trisomy 21] AND [Cardiology] or [Respiratory] or [neurodevelopment] or [epilepsy] or [musculoskeletal] or [immune system] or [haematological] or [endocrine] or [gastrointestinal] or [ophthalmological] or [Ear Nose Throat] or [dermatology] or [renal]. RESULTS: Congenital heart disease particularly septal defects occur in over 60% of infants with DS and 5%-34% of infants develop persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn irrespective of a diagnosis of congenital heart disease. Early recognition and management of aspiration, obstructive sleep apnoea and recurrent lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) could reduce risk of developing pulmonary hypertension in later childhood. Children with DS have an increased risk of autistic spectrum disorder, attention deficit disorder and epilepsy particularly infantile spasms, which are associated with poor neurodevelopmental outcomes. Congenital anomalies of the gastrointestinal and renal system as well as autoimmune diseases, coeliac disease, arthropathy, thyroid dysfunction fold diabetes mellitus and dermatological conditions are more common. Hearing and visual anomalies are also well recognised association with DS (Table 1). CONCLUSION: Children with DS are at an increased risk of multiorgan comorbidities. Organ-specific health surveillance may provide holistic care for the children and families with DS throughout childhood.
AIM: To review multiorgan involvement and management in children with Down syndrome (DS). METHODS: A literature review of articles from 1980 to 2019 using the MEDLINE interface of PubMed was performed using the following search terms- [Down syndrome] or [Trisomy 21] AND [Cardiology] or [Respiratory] or [neurodevelopment] or [epilepsy] or [musculoskeletal] or [immune system] or [haematological] or [endocrine] or [gastrointestinal] or [ophthalmological] or [Ear Nose Throat] or [dermatology] or [renal]. RESULTS:Congenital heart disease particularly septal defects occur in over 60% of infants with DS and 5%-34% of infants develop persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn irrespective of a diagnosis of congenital heart disease. Early recognition and management of aspiration, obstructive sleep apnoea and recurrent lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) could reduce risk of developing pulmonary hypertension in later childhood. Children with DS have an increased risk of autistic spectrum disorder, attention deficit disorder and epilepsy particularly infantile spasms, which are associated with poor neurodevelopmental outcomes. Congenital anomalies of the gastrointestinal and renal system as well as autoimmune diseases, coeliac disease, arthropathy, thyroid dysfunction fold diabetes mellitus and dermatological conditions are more common. Hearing and visual anomalies are also well recognised association with DS (Table 1). CONCLUSION:Children with DS are at an increased risk of multiorgan comorbidities. Organ-specific health surveillance may provide holistic care for the children and families with DS throughout childhood.
Authors: Jonathan D Santoro; Dania Pagarkar; Duong T Chu; Mattia Rosso; Kelli C Paulsen; Pat Levitt; Michael S Rafii Journal: J Neurol Date: 2020-09-12 Impact factor: 6.682
Authors: Susan Harvey; Nicholas M Allen; Mary D King; Bryan Lynch; Sally A Lynch; Mary O'Regan; Declan O'Rourke; Amre Shahwan; David Webb; Kathleen M Gorman Journal: Dev Med Child Neurol Date: 2022-01-29 Impact factor: 4.864