Yan-Chun Li1, Priyalakshmi Panikker2, Bo Xing3, Sha-Sha Yang3, Cassandra Alexandropoulos3, Erin P McEachern3, Rita Akumuo3, Elise Zhao3, Yelena Gulchina3, Mikhail V Pletnikov4, Nikhil M Urs5, Marc G Caron6, Felice Elefant2, Wen-Jun Gao7. 1. Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Electronic address: yl386@drexel.edu. 2. Department of Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 3. Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 4. Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. 5. Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida. 6. Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina. 7. Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Electronic address: wg38@drexel.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cortical dopaminergic systems are critically involved in prefrontal cortex (PFC) functions, especially in working memory and neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia. GSK-3β (glycogen synthase kinase-3β) is highly associated with cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate)-independent dopamine D2 receptor (D2R)-mediated signaling to affect dopamine-dependent behaviors. However, the mechanisms underlying the GSK-3β modulation of cognitive function via D2Rs remains unclear. METHODS: This study explored how conditional cell-type-specific ablation of GSK-3β in D2R+ neurons (D2R-GSK-3β-/-) in the brain affects synaptic function in the medial PFC (mPFC). Both male and female (postnatal days 60-90) mice, including 140 D2R, 24 D1R, and 38 DISC1 mice, were used. RESULTS: This study found that NMDA receptor (NMDAR) function was significantly increased in layer V pyramidal neurons in mPFC of D2R-GSK-3β-/- mice, along with increased dopamine modulation of NMDAR-mediated current. Consistently, NR2A and NR2B protein levels were elevated in mPFC of D2R-GSK-3β-/- mice. This change was accompanied by a significant increase in enrichment of activator histone mark H3K27ac at the promoters of both Grin2a and Grin2b genes. In addition, altered short- and long-term synaptic plasticity, along with an increased spine density in layer V pyramidal neurons, were detected in D2R-GSK-3β-/- mice. Indeed, D2R-GSK-3β-/- mice also exhibited a resistance of working memory impairment induced by injection of NMDAR antagonist MK-801. Notably, either inhibiting GSK-3β or disrupting the D2R-DISC1 complex was able to reverse the mutant DISC1-induced decrease of NMDAR-mediated currents in the mPFC. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that GSK-3β modulates cognition via D2R-DISC1 interaction and epigenetic regulation of NMDAR expression and function.
BACKGROUND: Cortical dopaminergic systems are critically involved in prefrontal cortex (PFC) functions, especially in working memory and neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia. GSK-3β (glycogen synthase kinase-3β) is highly associated with cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate)-independent dopamine D2 receptor (D2R)-mediated signaling to affect dopamine-dependent behaviors. However, the mechanisms underlying the GSK-3β modulation of cognitive function via D2Rs remains unclear. METHODS: This study explored how conditional cell-type-specific ablation of GSK-3β in D2R+ neurons (D2R-GSK-3β-/-) in the brain affects synaptic function in the medial PFC (mPFC). Both male and female (postnatal days 60-90) mice, including 140 D2R, 24 D1R, and 38 DISC1 mice, were used. RESULTS: This study found that NMDA receptor (NMDAR) function was significantly increased in layer V pyramidal neurons in mPFC of D2R-GSK-3β-/- mice, along with increased dopamine modulation of NMDAR-mediated current. Consistently, NR2A and NR2B protein levels were elevated in mPFC of D2R-GSK-3β-/- mice. This change was accompanied by a significant increase in enrichment of activator histone mark H3K27ac at the promoters of both Grin2a and Grin2b genes. In addition, altered short- and long-term synaptic plasticity, along with an increased spine density in layer V pyramidal neurons, were detected in D2R-GSK-3β-/- mice. Indeed, D2R-GSK-3β-/- mice also exhibited a resistance of working memory impairment induced by injection of NMDAR antagonist MK-801. Notably, either inhibiting GSK-3β or disrupting the D2R-DISC1 complex was able to reverse the mutant DISC1-induced decrease of NMDAR-mediated currents in the mPFC. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that GSK-3β modulates cognition via D2R-DISC1 interaction and epigenetic regulation of NMDAR expression and function.
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