Muhammad Hidhir Khawory1, Amyra Amat Sain2, Mohamad Afiq Aizuddin Rosli3, Muhammad Syafiq Ishak4, Mohamed Ibrahim Noordin5, Habibah A Wahab6. 1. Malaysian Institutes of Pharmaceutical & Nutraceutical Malaysia (IPharm), 11700, Halaman Bukit Gambir, Penang, Malaysia. Electronic address: muhidhir@gmail.com. 2. Malaysian Institutes of Pharmaceutical & Nutraceutical Malaysia (IPharm), 11700, Halaman Bukit Gambir, Penang, Malaysia. Electronic address: amyra@ipharm-nibm.my. 3. Malaysian Institutes of Pharmaceutical & Nutraceutical Malaysia (IPharm), 11700, Halaman Bukit Gambir, Penang, Malaysia. Electronic address: afiq@ipharm-nibm.my. 4. Malaysian Institutes of Pharmaceutical & Nutraceutical Malaysia (IPharm), 11700, Halaman Bukit Gambir, Penang, Malaysia. Electronic address: sayasukakebenaran@gmail.com. 5. University of Malaya, Jalan Universiti, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address: ibrahimn@um.edu.my. 6. School of Pharmacy, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia. Electronic address: bibwahab@gmail.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of gamma radiation treatment on three medicinal plants, namely Euodia malayana, Gnetum gnemon and Khaya senegalensis at two different forms; methanol leaf extracts and dried leaves respectively. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE: The microbial limit test (MLT) studies indicated the suitable dosage of minimum and maximum gamma irradiation for leaf extracts as well as dried leaves of all the tested medicinal plants. Quantitative analysis of total phenolic content (TPC) analysis is based on calorimetric measurements determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent with gallic acid (GA) used as the reference. In vitro cytotoxicity assay by using fibroblast (L929) cell lines was performed on each plant to determine the toxicity effect which sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as the positive control. DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl) assay was conducted by using vitamin C and GA as the positive controls to determine the antioxidant property of each plant. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The MLT analysis indicated that the suitable dosage gamma irradiation for leaf extracts was 6-12 kGy and dried leaves were 9-13 kGy. The amount of GA concentration in each plant increased significantly from 30-51 mg GAE g-1 before treatment to 57-103 mg GAE g-1 after treatment with gamma radiation. This showed no significant effect of in vitro cytotoxicity activity before and after treatment with gamma irradiation in this study. Effective concentration (EC50) values of Khaya senegalensis plant reduced significantly (P ≤ 0.005) from 44.510 μg/ml before treatment to 24.691 μg/ml after treatment with gamma radiation, which indicate an increase of free radical scavenging activity.
BACKGROUND AND AIM: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of gamma radiation treatment on three medicinal plants, namely Euodia malayana, Gnetum gnemon and Khaya senegalensis at two different forms; methanol leaf extracts and dried leaves respectively. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE: The microbial limit test (MLT) studies indicated the suitable dosage of minimum and maximum gamma irradiation for leaf extracts as well as dried leaves of all the tested medicinal plants. Quantitative analysis of total phenolic content (TPC) analysis is based on calorimetric measurements determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent with gallic acid (GA) used as the reference. In vitro cytotoxicity assay by using fibroblast (L929) cell lines was performed on each plant to determine the toxicity effect which sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as the positive control. DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl) assay was conducted by using vitamin C and GA as the positive controls to determine the antioxidant property of each plant. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The MLT analysis indicated that the suitable dosage gamma irradiation for leaf extracts was 6-12 kGy and dried leaves were 9-13 kGy. The amount of GA concentration in each plant increased significantly from 30-51 mg GAE g-1 before treatment to 57-103 mg GAE g-1 after treatment with gamma radiation. This showed no significant effect of in vitro cytotoxicity activity before and after treatment with gamma irradiation in this study. Effective concentration (EC50) values of Khaya senegalensis plant reduced significantly (P ≤ 0.005) from 44.510 μg/ml before treatment to 24.691 μg/ml after treatment with gamma radiation, which indicate an increase of free radical scavenging activity.