George D Chloros1, Ian D Civil2, Peter V Giannoudis3. 1. Academic Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK. 2. Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, NZ. 3. Academic Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Center, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK. Electronic address: pgiannoudi@aol.com.