The effects of Hemiscorpius lepturus induced-acute kidney injury on PGC-1α gene expression: From induction to suppression in mice.

Hemiscorpius lepturus envenomation induces acute kidney injury (AKI) through hemoglubinoria and mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria supports ATP production to promote the regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance. Mitochondrial homeostasis in different metabolic environments can be adjusted by overexpression of PGC-1α. High reactive oxygen species (ROS) production after H. lepturus envenomation and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) overexpression causes ATP depletion as well as mitochondrial homeostasis disruption, which lead to progression in renal diseases. The present study aims to evaluate the role of venom induced-AKI in modulating mitochondrial function in cell death and metabolic signaling associated with PPAR-α, PGC-1α, and Nrf-2 as the main transcription factors involved in metabolism. Based on the data, two significant events occurred after envenomation: reduction of gl glutathione level and overexpression of the cytoprotective enzyme HO-1. Apaoptosis induction is associated with a significant decrease in the transcription of PPAR-α, PGC-1α and Nrf-2 after administrating lethal dose of venom (10 mg/kg). Furthermore, at the lower doses of venom (1 and 5 mg/kg), with a significant recovery accompanied with PGC-1α upregulation occurs after AKI. As the findings indicate, PGC-1α has a key role in restoring the mitochondrial function at the recovery phase of mouse model of AKI, which highlights the PGC-1α as a therapeutic target for venom induced-AKI prevention and treatment.