Literature DB >> 31886364

Modelling data for Predicting New Iron Garnet Thin Films with Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy.

Saeedeh Mokarian Zanjani1, Mehmet C Onbaşlı1,2.   

Abstract

These data include detailed calculations and graphs based on our manuscript submitted to Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, entitled "Predicting New Iron Garnet Thin Films with Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy". These data are organized in two parts; first, we present the calculated plots of sensitivity of magnetic anisotropy field and anisotropy energy density for 49 epitaxial rare earth iron garnet (REIG) film/substrate pairs (a total of 98 plots, Figs. 1-15). In the second part, we present in Table 1 the complete details on the calculations for total magnetic anisotropy and all material constants used for each of 50 film/substrate pairs. The comparison with the previous experimental demonstrations is also shown in Table 1 (last column) and 2 with an accompanying discussion confirming the reliability of our model.
© 2019 The Author(s).

Entities:  

Keywords:  Epitaxial; Lattice; Magnetic anisotropy; Rare earth iron garnet; Substrate

Year:  2019        PMID: 31886364      PMCID: PMC6921129          DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.104937

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Data Brief        ISSN: 2352-3409


Specifications Table The development of magnetic iron garnets with perpendicular magnetic easy axis (PMA) has been a major materials research area, which enabled researchers to start expanding the physics of spintronics and spin wave devices. Spintronic devices, especially emerging spin-orbit torque memory and logic devices, are expected to benefit from the development of rare earth iron garnets with tunable magnetic properties, magnetic anisotropy, crystal strain and structure and magnetooptical properties. There is no previous research in the literature that systematically investigates the ways in which one can change the composition of rare earth iron garnet thin films to tune magnetic anisotropy and achieve room temperature PMA. The PMA rare earth iron garnet films presented in this article are expected to be of interest for materials scientists working on magnetic oxides and devices, spintronic device researchers working on spin Seebeck effect, spin wave devices, spin logic, spin-orbit torques, all-optical switching, current-controlled magnetism, tunneling magnetoresistance studies, tunnel junctions and other spintronic effects involving unique transport and magnetooptical properties of thin film garnets. These predicted films offer materials scientists multiple material options to test under a variety of growth and post-processing conditions. This article will be of interest also for spintronics, complex oxide, magnetooptics, spin logic and magnetism researchers.

Data

This data article provides a detailed calculation of effective magnetic anisotropy energy density of 50 different rare earth iron garnet/substrate pairs. Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Fig. 10, Fig. 11, Fig. 12, Fig. 13, Fig. 14, Fig. 15 demonstrate the sensitivity of total magnetic anisotropy energy density (left column) and magnetic anisotropy field (right column) on strain and saturation magnetization variabilities. Variation of effective magnetic anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field, respectively, are shown for Fig. 1. (a) and (b) YIG, (c) and (d) TmIG, (e) and (f) DyIG, Fig. 2. (a) and (b) HoIG, (c) and (d) ErIG, (e) and (f) YbIG, and Fig. 3. (a) and (b) TbIG, (c) and (d) GdIG, (e) and (f) SmIG, (g) and (h) EuIG grown on GGG substrate. In addition, Fig. 4(a–f), Fig. 5(a–f) and Fig. 6(a–h) show the change of Keff and Ha with Ms and strain of YIG, TmIG, DyIG, HoIG, ErIG, YbIG, TbIG, GdIG, SmIG, and EuIG thin films grown on YAG. Effect of partial film relaxation or additional strain and saturation magnetic moment variability on the film effective anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field of YIG, TmIG, DyIG, HoIG, ErIG, YbIG, TbIG, GdIG, SmIG, and EuIG thin films on SGGG substrate are shown in Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Fig. 9, respectively. Fig. 10, Fig. 11, Fig. 12, Fig. 13, Fig. 14, Fig. 15, demonstrate the variation of Keff and Ha with Ms and in-plain strain for REIG thin films grown on TGG (Fig. 10, Fig. 11, Fig. 12) and NGG (Fig. 13, Fig. 14, Fig. 15) substrates, respectively. Table 1 shows the theoretical, measured and calculated parameters of effective magnetic anisotropy energy density (Keff). Table 2 includes the comparison of magnetic anisotropy state predicted by our model with previous experimental demonstrations.
Fig. 1

Effect of partial film relaxation or additional strain and saturation magnetic moment variability on the film effective anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field. Variation of effective magnetic anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field, respectively, for (a) and (b) YIG, (c) and (d) TmIG, (e) and (f) DyIG grown on GGG substrate.

Fig. 2

Effect of partial film relaxation or additional strain and saturation magnetic moment variability on the film effective anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field. Variation of effective magnetic anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field, respectively, for (a) and (b) HoIG, (c) and (d) ErIG, (e) and (f) YbIG grown on GGG substrate.

Fig. 3

Effect of partial film relaxation or additional strain and saturation magnetic moment variability on the film effective anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field. Variation of effective magnetic anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field, respectively, for (a) and (b) TbIG, (c) and (d) GdIG, (e) and (f) SmIG, (g) and (h) EuIG grown on GGG substrate.

Fig. 4

Effect of partial film relaxation or additional strain and saturation magnetic moment variability on the film effective anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field. Variation of effective magnetic anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field, respectively, for (a) and (b) YIG, (c) and (d) TmIG, (e) and (f) DyIG grown on YAG substrate.

Fig. 5

Effect of partial film relaxation or additional strain and saturation magnetic moment variability on the film effective anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field. Variation of effective magnetic anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field, respectively, for (a) and (b) HoIG, (c) and (d) ErIG, (e) and (f) YbIG grown on YAG substrate.

Fig. 6

Effect of partial film relaxation or additional strain and saturation magnetic moment variability on the film effective anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field. Variation of effective magnetic anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field, respectively, for (a) and (b) TbIG, (c) and (d) GdIG, (e) and (f) SmIG, (g) and (h) EuIG grown on YAG substrate.

Fig. 7

Effect of partial film relaxation or additional strain and saturation magnetic moment variability on the film effective anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field. Variation of effective magnetic anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field, respectively, for (a) and (b) YIG, (c) and (d) TmIG, (e) and (f) DyIG grown on SGGG substrate.

Fig. 8

Effect of partial film relaxation or additional strain and saturation magnetic moment variability on the film effective anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field. Variation of effective magnetic anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field, respectively, for (a) and (b) HoIG, (c) and (d) ErIG, (e) and (f) YbIG grown on SGGG substrate.

Fig. 9

Effect of partial film relaxation or additional strain and saturation magnetic moment variability on the film effective anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field. Variation of effective magnetic anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field, respectively, for (a) and (b) TbIG, (c) and (d) SmIG, (e) and (f) EuIG grown on SGGG substrate.

Fig. 10

Effect of partial film relaxation or additional strain and saturation magnetic moment variability on the film effective anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field. Variation of effective magnetic anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field, respectively, for (a) and (b) YIG, (c) and (d) TmIG, (e) and (f) DyIG grown on TGG substrate.

Fig. 11

Effect of partial film relaxation or additional strain and saturation magnetic moment variability on the film effective anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field. Variation of effective magnetic anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field, respectively, for (a) and (b) HoIG, (c) and (d) ErIG, (e) and (f) YbIG grown on TGG substrate.

Fig. 12

Effect of partial film relaxation or additional strain and saturation magnetic moment variability on the film effective anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field. Variation of effective magnetic anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field, respectively, for (a) and (b) TbIG, (c) and (d) GdIG, (e) and (f) SmIG, (g) and (h) EuIG grown on TGG substrate.

Fig. 13

Effect of partial film relaxation or additional strain and saturation magnetic moment variability on the film effective anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field. Variation of effective magnetic anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field, respectively, for (a) and (b) YIG, (c) and (d) TmIG, (e) and (f) DyIG grown on NGG substrate.

Fig. 14

Effect of partial film relaxation or additional strain and saturation magnetic moment variability on the film effective anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field. Variation of effective magnetic anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field, respectively, for (a) and (b) HoIG, (c) and (d) ErIG, (e) and (f) YbIG grown on NGG substrate.

Fig. 15

Effect of partial film relaxation or additional strain and saturation magnetic moment variability on the film effective anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field. Variation of effective magnetic anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field, respectively, for (a) and (b) TbIG, (c) and (d) GdIG, (e) and (f) SmIG, (g) and (h) EuIG grown on NGG substrate.

Table 1

Calculation of contributing terms to effective magnetic anisotropy energy density (Keff).

RIGMs (kA·m−1)Kshape (erg·cm−3 =10−1 J·m−3)af (Å)ε||σ|| (dyn·cm−2 =10−1 N·m−2)λ111Kindu (erg·cm−3 = 10−1 J·m−3)K1 (300K) (erg·cm−3 = 10−1 J·m−3)Keff (erg·cm−3 = 10−1 J·m−3)Experimental Demonstration
aGGG=12.383 Å
YIG141.71.26 × 10512.3765.66 × 10−41.59 × 109−2.40 × 10−65.74 × 103−6.10 × 1031.26 × 105[7] (Bi-Doped)
TmIG110.97.72 × 10412.3244.79 × 10−31.35 × 1010−5.20 × 10−61.05 × 103−5.80 × 1031.77 × 105
DyIG31.86.37 × 10312.44−4.58 × 10−3−1.29 × 1010−5.90 × 10−6−1.14E × 105−5.00 × 103−1.13 × 105[8] (doped stoichiometry)
HoIG55.71.95 × 10412.4−1.37 × 10−3−3.86 × 109−4.00 × 10−6−2.32 × 104−5.00 × 103−8.66 × 103[9]
ErIG79.63.98 × 10412.352.67 × 10−37.53 × 109−4.90 × 10−65.53 × 104−6.00 × 1038.91 × 104
YbIG127.41.02 × 10512.36.75 × 10−31.90 × 1010−4.50 × 10−61.28 × 105−6.10 × 1032.24 × 105
TbIG15.91.59 × 10312.46−6.18 × 10−3−1.74 × 10101.20 × 10−53.13 × 105−8.20 × 1033.07 × 105
GdIG7.93.98 × 10212.48−7.77 × 10−3−2.19 × 1010−3.10 × 10−6−1.02 × 105−4.10 × 103−1.06 × 105[10]
SmIG1401.23 × 10512.53−1.17 × 10−2−3.30 × 1010−8.60 × 10−6−4.26 × 105−1.74 × 104−3.21 × 105[11]
EuIG92.15.33 × 10412.5−1.30 × 10−2−3.65 × 10101.80 × 10−69.86 × 104−3.80 × 1041.14 × 105[12] (PMA on GGG (001))
aYAG=12.005 Å
YIG141.71.26 × 10512.376−3.00 × 10−2−8.44 × 1010−2.40 × 10−6−3.04 × 105−6.10 × 103−1.84 × 105
TmIG110.97.72 × 10412.324−2.59 × 10−2−7.29 × 1010−5.20 × 10−6−5.69 × 105−5.80 × 103−4.97 × 105
DyIG31.86.37 × 10312.44−3.50 × 10−2−9.85 × 1010−5.90 × 10−6−8.72 × 105−5.00 × 103−8.70 × 105
HoIG55.71.95 × 10412.4−3.19 × 10−2−8.97 × 1010−4.00 × 10−6−5.38 × 105−5.00 × 103−5.24 × 105
ErIG79.63.98 × 10412.35−2.79 × 10−2−7.87 × 1010−4.90 × 10−6−5.78 × 105−6.00 × 103−5.45 × 105
YbIG127.41.02 × 10512.3−2.40 × 10−2−6.76 × 1010−4.50 × 10−6−4.56 × 105−6.10 × 103−3.60 × 105
TbIG15.91.59 × 10312.46−3.65 × 10−2−1.03 × 10111.20 × 10−51.85 × 106−8.20 × 1031.84 × 106
GdIG7.93.98 × 10212.48−3.81 × 10−2−1.07 × 1011−3.10 × 10−6−4.99 × 105−4.10 × 103−5.02 × 105
SmIG1401.23 × 10512.53−4.19 × 10−2−1.18 × 1011−8.60 × 10−6−1.52 × 106−1.74 × 104−1.42 × 106
EuIG92.15.33 × 10412.5−3.96 × 10−2−1.12 × 10111.80 × 10−63.01 × 105−3.80 × 1033.51 × 105
aSGGG=12.48 Å
YIG141.721.26 × 10512.3768.40 × 10−32.37 × 1010−2.40 × 10−68.52 × 104−6.10 × 1032.05 × 105[7,13] (Bi-Doped)
TmIG110.9087.72 × 10412.3241.27 × 10−23.57 × 1010−5.20 × 10−62.78 × 105−5.80 × 1033.50 × 105[14]
DyIG31.8476.37 × 10312.443.22 × 10−39.06 × 109−5.90 × 10−68.02 × 104−5.00 × 1038.15 × 104
HoIG55.7321.95 × 10412.46.45 × 10−31.82 × 1010−4.00 × 10−61.09 × 105−5.00 × 1031.24 × 105
ErIG79.6183.98 × 10412.351.05 × 10−22.97 × 1010−4.90 × 10−62.18 × 105−6.00 × 1032.52 × 105
YbIG127.3891.02 × 10512.31.46 × 10−24.12 × 1010−4.50 × 10−62.78 × 105−6.10 × 1033.74 × 105
TbIG15.9241.59 × 10312.461.61 × 10−34.52 × 1091.20 × 10−5−8.14 × 104−8.20 × 103−8.80 × 105[15]
GdIG7.9623.98 × 10212.4800−3.10 × 10−60−4.10 × 103−3.70 × 103
SmIG1401.23 × 10512.53−3.99 × 10−3−1.12 × 1010−8.60 × 10−6−1.45 × 105−1.74 × 104−3.93 × 104
EuIG92.15.33 × 10412.5−1.60 × 10−3−4.51 × 1091.80 × 10−61.22 × 104−3.80 × 1036.16 × 104
aTGG=12.355 Å
YIG141.721.26 × 10512.376−1.70 × 10−3−4.78 × 109−2.40 × 10−6−1.72 × 104−6.10 × 1031.03 × 105
TmIG110.9087.72 × 10412.3242.52 × 10−37.09 × 109−5.20 × 10−65.53 × 104−5.80 × 1031.27 × 105
DyIG31.8476.37 × 10312.44−6.83 × 10−3−1.92 × 1010−5.90 × 10−6−1.70 × 105−5.00 × 103−1.69 × 105
HoIG55.7321.95 × 10412.4−3.63 × 10−3−1.02 × 1010−4.00 × 10−6−6.13 × 104−5.00 × 103−4.68 × 104
ErIG79.6183.98 × 10412.354.05 × 10−41.14 × 109−4.90 × 10−68.38 × 103−6.00 × 1034.22 × 104
YbIG127.3891.02 × 10512.34.47 × 10−31.26 × 1010−4.50 × 10−68.50 × 104−6.10 × 1031.81 × 105
TbIG15.9241.59 × 10312.46−8.43 × 10−3−2.37 × 10101.20 × 10−54.27 × 105−8.20 × 1034.21 × 105
GdIG7.9623.98 × 10212.48−1.00 × 10−2−2.82 × 1010−3.10 × 10−6−1.31 × 105−4.10 × 103−1.35 × 105
SmIG1401.23 × 10512.53−1.40 × 10−2−3.93 × 1010−8.60 × 10−6−5.08 × 105−1.74 × 104−4.02 × 105
EuIG92.15.33 × 10412.5−1.32 × 10−2−3.72 × 10101.80 × 10−61.00 × 105−3.80 × 1031.50 × 105
aNGG=12.509 Å
YIG141.721.26 × 10512.3761.07 × 10−23.03 × 1010−2.40 × 10−61.09 × 105−6.10 × 1032.29 × 105[13]
TmIG110.9087.72 × 10412.3241.50 × 10−24.23 × 1010−5.20 × 10−63.30 × 105−5.80 × 1034.01 × 105
DyIG31.8476.37 × 10312.445.55 × 10−31.56 × 1010−5.90 × 10−61.38 × 105−5.00 × 1031.40 × 105
HoIG55.7321.95 × 10412.48.79 × 10−32.48 × 1010−4.00 × 10−61.49 × 105−5.00 × 1031.63 × 105
ErIG79.6183.98 × 10412.351.29 × 10−23.63 × 1010−4.90 × 10−62.67 × 105−6.00 × 1033.00 × 105
YbIG127.3891.02 × 10512.31.70 × 10−24.79 × 1010−4.50 × 10−63.23 × 105−6.10 × 1034.19 × 105
TbIG15.9241.59 × 10312.463.93 × 10−31.11 × 10101.20 × 10−5−1.99 × 105−8.20 × 103−2.06 × 105
GdIG7.9623.98 × 10212.482.32 × 10−36.55 × 109−3.10 × 10−63.04 × 104−4.10 × 1032.67 × 104
SmIG1401.23 × 10512.53−1.68 × 10−3−4.72 × 109−8.60 × 10−6−6.09 × 104−1.74 × 1044.48 × 104
EuIG92.15.33 × 10412.57.20 × 10−42.03 × 1091.80 × 10−6−5.48 × 103−3.80 × 1034.40 × 104
Table 2

Comparison of experimental demonstrations of magnetic anisotropy and our model predictions (IP: in-plane, OP: out-of-plane, NA: Not Available).

No.Thin Film-Substrate combinationPredicted anisotropyPublished Experimental StudiesDoes our prediction match the experiment?Model does not take into consideration:
1YIG/GGGIP[13]YES
2TmIG/GGGIP[16]NOOff-stoichiometry
3DyIG/GGGOP[8](doped stoichiometry)YES
4HoIG/GGGOP[9]YES
5ErIG/GGGIP[17]-not thin filmYES
6YbIG/GGGIPNA
7TbIG/GGGIP[15]NORef. [15] contains significant shear stress and reduced ME anisotropy. Off-stoichiometry changes the assumed Ms, K1 and λ111.
8GdIG/GGGOP[10]YES
9SmIG/GGGOP[11]YES
10EuIG/GGGIP[15]NORef. [15] contains significant shear stress and reduced ME anisotropy. Off-stoichiometry changes the assumed Ms, K1 and λ111.
11YIG/YAGOPNA
12TmIG/YAGOPNA
13DyIG/YAGOPNA
14HoIG/YAGOPNA
15ErIG/YAGOPNA
16YbIG/YAGOPNA
17TbIG/YAGIPNA
18GdIG/YAGOPNA
19SmIG/YAGOPNA
20EuIG/YAGIPNA
21YIG/SGGGIP[13]NOLarger λ111, strain and Ms used in ref. [13]
22TmIG/SGGGIP[14]NOOff-stoichiometry
23DyIG/SGGGIPNA
24HoIG/SGGGIPNA
25ErIG/SGGGIPNA
26YbIG/SGGGIPNA
27TbIG/SGGGOP[15]NORef. [15] contains significant shear stress and reduced ME anisotropy. Off-stoichiometry changes the assumed Ms, K1 and λ111.
28GdIG/SGGGOPNA
29SmIG/SGGGOPNA
30EuIG/SGGGIPNA
31YIG/TGGIPNA
32TmIG/TGGIPNA
33DyIG/TGGOPNA
34HoIG/TGGOPNA
35ErIG/TGGIPNA
36YbIG/TGGIPNA
37TbIG/TGGIPNA
38GdIG/TGGOPNA
39SmIG/TGGOPNA
40EuIG/TGGIPNA
41YIG/NGGIP[13]NOLarger λ111, strain and Ms used in ref. [13]
42TmIG/NGGIPNA
43DyIG/NGGIPNA
44HoIG/NGGIPNA
45ErIG/NGGIPNA
46YbIG/NGGIPNA
47TbIG/NGGOPNA
48GdIG/NGGIPNA
49SmIG/NGGIPNA
50EuIG/NGGIPNA
Effect of partial film relaxation or additional strain and saturation magnetic moment variability on the film effective anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field. Variation of effective magnetic anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field, respectively, for (a) and (b) YIG, (c) and (d) TmIG, (e) and (f) DyIG grown on GGG substrate. Effect of partial film relaxation or additional strain and saturation magnetic moment variability on the film effective anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field. Variation of effective magnetic anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field, respectively, for (a) and (b) HoIG, (c) and (d) ErIG, (e) and (f) YbIG grown on GGG substrate. Effect of partial film relaxation or additional strain and saturation magnetic moment variability on the film effective anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field. Variation of effective magnetic anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field, respectively, for (a) and (b) TbIG, (c) and (d) GdIG, (e) and (f) SmIG, (g) and (h) EuIG grown on GGG substrate. Effect of partial film relaxation or additional strain and saturation magnetic moment variability on the film effective anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field. Variation of effective magnetic anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field, respectively, for (a) and (b) YIG, (c) and (d) TmIG, (e) and (f) DyIG grown on YAG substrate. Effect of partial film relaxation or additional strain and saturation magnetic moment variability on the film effective anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field. Variation of effective magnetic anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field, respectively, for (a) and (b) HoIG, (c) and (d) ErIG, (e) and (f) YbIG grown on YAG substrate. Effect of partial film relaxation or additional strain and saturation magnetic moment variability on the film effective anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field. Variation of effective magnetic anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field, respectively, for (a) and (b) TbIG, (c) and (d) GdIG, (e) and (f) SmIG, (g) and (h) EuIG grown on YAG substrate. Effect of partial film relaxation or additional strain and saturation magnetic moment variability on the film effective anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field. Variation of effective magnetic anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field, respectively, for (a) and (b) YIG, (c) and (d) TmIG, (e) and (f) DyIG grown on SGGG substrate. Effect of partial film relaxation or additional strain and saturation magnetic moment variability on the film effective anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field. Variation of effective magnetic anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field, respectively, for (a) and (b) HoIG, (c) and (d) ErIG, (e) and (f) YbIG grown on SGGG substrate. Effect of partial film relaxation or additional strain and saturation magnetic moment variability on the film effective anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field. Variation of effective magnetic anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field, respectively, for (a) and (b) TbIG, (c) and (d) SmIG, (e) and (f) EuIG grown on SGGG substrate. Effect of partial film relaxation or additional strain and saturation magnetic moment variability on the film effective anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field. Variation of effective magnetic anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field, respectively, for (a) and (b) YIG, (c) and (d) TmIG, (e) and (f) DyIG grown on TGG substrate. Effect of partial film relaxation or additional strain and saturation magnetic moment variability on the film effective anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field. Variation of effective magnetic anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field, respectively, for (a) and (b) HoIG, (c) and (d) ErIG, (e) and (f) YbIG grown on TGG substrate. Effect of partial film relaxation or additional strain and saturation magnetic moment variability on the film effective anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field. Variation of effective magnetic anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field, respectively, for (a) and (b) TbIG, (c) and (d) GdIG, (e) and (f) SmIG, (g) and (h) EuIG grown on TGG substrate. Effect of partial film relaxation or additional strain and saturation magnetic moment variability on the film effective anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field. Variation of effective magnetic anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field, respectively, for (a) and (b) YIG, (c) and (d) TmIG, (e) and (f) DyIG grown on NGG substrate. Effect of partial film relaxation or additional strain and saturation magnetic moment variability on the film effective anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field. Variation of effective magnetic anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field, respectively, for (a) and (b) HoIG, (c) and (d) ErIG, (e) and (f) YbIG grown on NGG substrate. Effect of partial film relaxation or additional strain and saturation magnetic moment variability on the film effective anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field. Variation of effective magnetic anisotropy energy density and anisotropy field, respectively, for (a) and (b) TbIG, (c) and (d) GdIG, (e) and (f) SmIG, (g) and (h) EuIG grown on NGG substrate. Calculation of contributing terms to effective magnetic anisotropy energy density (Keff). Comparison of experimental demonstrations of magnetic anisotropy and our model predictions (IP: in-plane, OP: out-of-plane, NA: Not Available).

Experimental design, materials and methods

Analytical calculation method of magnetic anisotropy energy density and field

In order to calculate the effective anisotropy energy density we used Keff = Kindu + Kshape + K1 equation to calculate the total anisotropy energy density for 50 thin film rare earth iron garnet/substrate pairs. Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Fig. 10, Fig. 11, Fig. 12, Fig. 13, Fig. 14, Fig. 15 exclude the Gadolinium Iron Garnet (GdIG) film on substituted Gadolinium Gallium Garnet (SGGG) substrate because there is no lattice mismatch between the film and the substrate. Each anisotropy term consist of the following parameters: . The energy density was calculated based on the parameters reported in previous references [[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]] and calculated terms according to their formulae (i.e. First-order magnetocrystalline anisotropy, K1, is an intrinsic temperature-dependent constant reported for each REIG material. Young's modulus (Y), Poisson's ratio (ν) and magnetostriction constant (λ111) parameters evolving in the magnetoelastic anisotropy energy density term (first term) are considered to be constant according to the values previously reported. For shape anisotropy energy calculations (second term), bulk saturation magnetization (Ms) for each film was used. Since each film may exhibit variability in Ms with respect to bulk, the model presented here yields the most accurate predictions when the experimental film Ms, λ111, Y, ν and K1, and in-plane strain values are entered for each term. Table 1 shows the theoretical, measured and calculated parameters of anisotropy energy density terms and contributing parameters. In Table 2, we present a comparison of our model's predictions with the previous experimental studies. Anisotropy fields were calculated using formula. The original Microsoft Excel and MATLAB files used for generating the data for Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Fig. 10, Fig. 11, Fig. 12, Fig. 13, Fig. 14, Fig. 15 are also presented.

Predictive capability and validity of our model

We tested the prediction accuracy of our model by going through each available experimental demonstration of garnet thin film/substrate anisotropy characterization and comparing their measured anisotropy with the predictions of our model. Below, we show the prediction accuracy and cases where experiments are different from our predictions. As shown in the table above, our model is able to predict the magnetic anisotropy state of almost all garnet/substrate combinations.

Specifications Table

SubjectMaterials Science
Specific subject areaElectronic, optical, and magnetic materials
Type of dataTableFigureText
How data were acquiredEffective magnetic anisotropy energy density terms and anisotropy field were calculated from Keff=32λ111Y1vε||+2πMs2+K1, and HA=2KeffMs formulae; required parameters for calculations were used from tabulated values, or calculated individually using relevant formulae and filled in Table 1.The plots of Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Fig. 10, Fig. 11, Fig. 12, Fig. 13, Fig. 14, Fig. 15 were obtained using MATLAB.
Data formatRaw: tabulated intrinsic materials dataAnalysed: anisotropy terms calculated based on raw dataDescriptive: effective magnetic anisotropy behaviour based on analysed data
Parameters for data collectionWe used the intrinsic room temperature material properties (bulk saturation magnetization, magnetostriction constants, first-order magnetocrystalline anisotropy K1) from experimental references. We used the same Poisson's ratio and Young's moduli for all REIG chemistries in our calculations.
Description of data collectionWe collected our raw data from tabulated experimental intrinsic material parameters (lattice parameter, bulk saturation magnetization, Poisson's ratio, Young's modulus, magnetostriction constant, first-order magnetocrystalline anisotropy). Next, we calculated the analysed data (in-plane strain, stress, shape anisotropy Kshape, magnetoelastic anisotropy Kindu) using the intrinsic material parameters. Finally, we used our analysed magnetic anisotropy data to calculate the effective anisotropy Keff and its classification as in-plane or perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA).
Data source locationInstitution: Koc UniveristyCity/Town/Region: IstanbulCountry: Turkey.
Data accessibilityData are presented in this article.
Related research articleAuthor's name: Saeedeh Mokarian Zanjani, Mehmet Cengiz OnbasliTitle: Predicting New Iron Garnet Thin Films with Perpendicular Magnetic AnisotropyJournal: Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic MaterialsDOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2019.166108
Value of the Data

The development of magnetic iron garnets with perpendicular magnetic easy axis (PMA) has been a major materials research area, which enabled researchers to start expanding the physics of spintronics and spin wave devices.

Spintronic devices, especially emerging spin-orbit torque memory and logic devices, are expected to benefit from the development of rare earth iron garnets with tunable magnetic properties, magnetic anisotropy, crystal strain and structure and magnetooptical properties.

There is no previous research in the literature that systematically investigates the ways in which one can change the composition of rare earth iron garnet thin films to tune magnetic anisotropy and achieve room temperature PMA.

The PMA rare earth iron garnet films presented in this article are expected to be of interest for materials scientists working on magnetic oxides and devices, spintronic device researchers working on spin Seebeck effect, spin wave devices, spin logic, spin-orbit torques, all-optical switching, current-controlled magnetism, tunneling magnetoresistance studies, tunnel junctions and other spintronic effects involving unique transport and magnetooptical properties of thin film garnets.

These predicted films offer materials scientists multiple material options to test under a variety of growth and post-processing conditions. This article will be of interest also for spintronics, complex oxide, magnetooptics, spin logic and magnetism researchers.

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