Suzanna M Martinez1,2, Estela Blanco2,3, Raquel Burrows4, Betsy Lozoff5, Sheila Gahagan2. 1. Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA. 2. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Development and Community Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA. 3. Public Health PhD Program, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile. 4. Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile. 5. Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Obesity is a risk factor for insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic disease. OBJECTIVE: To examine potential metabolic pathways linking childhood weight status to adolescent IR and metabolic risk. METHODS: Participants were 600 low- to middle-income Chilean adolescents from a cohort studied since infancy as part of an iron deficiency anemia preventive trial and follow-up study. We examined body mass index z-score at 10 y (BMIz-10y) and blood pressure, total fat, and fasting glucose, adiponectin to leptin ratio (A:L), ghrelin, and HOMA-IR at 16 y. A total count for metabolic risk factors (MRF) was calculated using the International Diabetes Federation criteria. We used path analysis to estimate pathways and model indirect effects from BMIz-10y, controlling for child age and sex and maternal body mass index (BMI). RESULTS: Participants were 54% male; mean BMIz-10y of 0.53 (SD = 1.02); mean MRF of 1.3 (SD = 0.9); mean HOMA-IR of 1.8 (SD = 1.3). Path analysis showed that BMIz-10y directly and indirectly related to increased MRF via A:L and HOMA-IR. Ghrelin was not in the metabolic pathway from BMIz-10y to MRF but was related to MRF via HOMA-IR. CONCLUSION: These results elucidate metabolic pathways involving child weight status, IR and metabolic risk in adolescents. Childhood BMI was an indirect risk factor for adolescent cardiometabolic risk via several pathways that involved BMI, appetite hormones, markers of inflammation, and insulin resistance during adolescence. Findings illustrate the adverse effect that childhood obesity has on adolescent health outcomes, which sets precedence for health outcomes over the life course.
BACKGROUND:Obesity is a risk factor for insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic disease. OBJECTIVE: To examine potential metabolic pathways linking childhood weight status to adolescent IR and metabolic risk. METHODS:Participants were 600 low- to middle-income Chilean adolescents from a cohort studied since infancy as part of an irondeficiency anemia preventive trial and follow-up study. We examined body mass index z-score at 10 y (BMIz-10y) and blood pressure, total fat, and fasting glucose, adiponectin to leptin ratio (A:L), ghrelin, and HOMA-IR at 16 y. A total count for metabolic risk factors (MRF) was calculated using the International Diabetes Federation criteria. We used path analysis to estimate pathways and model indirect effects from BMIz-10y, controlling for child age and sex and maternal body mass index (BMI). RESULTS:Participants were 54% male; mean BMIz-10y of 0.53 (SD = 1.02); mean MRF of 1.3 (SD = 0.9); mean HOMA-IR of 1.8 (SD = 1.3). Path analysis showed that BMIz-10y directly and indirectly related to increased MRF via A:L and HOMA-IR. Ghrelin was not in the metabolic pathway from BMIz-10y to MRF but was related to MRF via HOMA-IR. CONCLUSION: These results elucidate metabolic pathways involving child weight status, IR and metabolic risk in adolescents. Childhood BMI was an indirect risk factor for adolescent cardiometabolic risk via several pathways that involved BMI, appetite hormones, markers of inflammation, and insulin resistance during adolescence. Findings illustrate the adverse effect that childhood obesity has on adolescent health outcomes, which sets precedence for health outcomes over the life course.
Authors: Ana Paula Sehn; Caroline Brand; João Francisco de Castro Silveira; Lars Bo Andersen; Anelise Reis Gaya; Pâmela Ferreira Todendi; Andréia Rosane de Moura Valim; Cézane Priscila Reuter Journal: BMC Cardiovasc Disord Date: 2022-03-09 Impact factor: 2.298
Authors: S M Martinez; E Blanco; J M Tschann; N F Butte; M A Grandner; L A Pasch Journal: Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act Date: 2021-07-09 Impact factor: 8.915