Paola Marchisio1, Luisa Galli2, Barbara Bortone2, Martina Ciarcià2, Marco Antonio Motisi2, Andrea Novelli2, Luciano Pinto3, Sergio Bottero4, Lorenzo Pignataro5,6, Giorgio Piacentini7, Roberto Mattina8, Renato Cutrera9, Attilio Varicchio10, Gian Luigi Marseglia11, Alberto Villani12, Elena Chiappini2. 1. From the Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. 2. Department of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, AOU Firenze, Italy. 3. Italian Society of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Naples, Italy. 4. Airway Surgery Unit, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy. 5. Department of Otolaryngology. 6. Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. 7. Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Pediatric Clinic, University of Verona, Verona, Italy. 8. Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Odontoiatric Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy. 9. Respiratory Unit, Academic Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy. 10. Department of Otolaryngology, Ospedale San Gennaro, Naples, Italy. 11. Department of Pediatrics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy. 12. Pediatric and Infectious Disease Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: New insights into the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of acute otitis media (AOM) have been gained in recent years. For this reason, the Italian Paediatric Society has updated its 2010 guidelines. METHODS: A literature search was carried out on PubMed. Only pediatric studies published between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2018 in English or Italian were included. Each included study was assessed according to the GRADE methodology. The quality of the systematic reviews was assessed using AMSTAR 2. The recommendations were formulated by a multidisciplinary panel of experts. RESULTS: Prompt antibiotic treatment is recommended for children with otorrhea, intracranial complications and/or a history of recurrence and for children under the age of 6 months. For children 6 months to 2 years of age, prompt antibiotic treatment is recommended for all forms of unilateral and bilateral AOM, whether mild or severe. Prompt antibiotic treatment is also recommended for children over 2 years with severe bilateral AOM. A watchful-waiting approach can be applied to children over 2 years with mild or severe unilateral AOM or mild bilateral AOM. High doses of amoxicillin, or amoxicillin-clavulanic acid for patients with a high risk of infection by Beta-lactamase producing strains, remain the first-line antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS: AOM should be managed on a case-by-case basis that takes account of the child's age, the severity of the episode and whether it is unilateral or bilateral. In patients under 2 years, prompt antibiotic treatment is always recommended.
BACKGROUND: New insights into the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of acute otitis media (AOM) have been gained in recent years. For this reason, the Italian Paediatric Society has updated its 2010 guidelines. METHODS: A literature search was carried out on PubMed. Only pediatric studies published between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2018 in English or Italian were included. Each included study was assessed according to the GRADE methodology. The quality of the systematic reviews was assessed using AMSTAR 2. The recommendations were formulated by a multidisciplinary panel of experts. RESULTS: Prompt antibiotic treatment is recommended for children with otorrhea, intracranial complications and/or a history of recurrence and for children under the age of 6 months. For children 6 months to 2 years of age, prompt antibiotic treatment is recommended for all forms of unilateral and bilateral AOM, whether mild or severe. Prompt antibiotic treatment is also recommended for children over 2 years with severe bilateral AOM. A watchful-waiting approach can be applied to children over 2 years with mild or severe unilateral AOM or mild bilateral AOM. High doses of amoxicillin, or amoxicillin-clavulanic acid for patients with a high risk of infection by Beta-lactamase producing strains, remain the first-line antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS: AOM should be managed on a case-by-case basis that takes account of the child's age, the severity of the episode and whether it is unilateral or bilateral. In patients under 2 years, prompt antibiotic treatment is always recommended.
Authors: Elena Chiappini; Antonio Vitale; Raffaele Badolato; Paolo Becherucci; Domenico Careddu; Antonio Di Mauro; Mattia Doria; Annamaria Staiano Journal: Front Pediatr Date: 2022-04-26 Impact factor: 3.418