Unexpected vincristine-induced systemic capillary leak syndrome in patients with Wilm's tumor: A single institution experience.

Capillary leak syndrome (CLS) is a rare but fatal disease, which has been reported following the infusions of interleukin-2, tumor necrosis factor, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, certain monoclonal antibodies, and gemcitabine, suggesting that drugs can also cause CLS. In this study, seven Wilm's tumor cases with CLS had been presented, which was suggested to be caused following administration of vincristine (VCR). From January 1st, 2014 to December 31st, 2016, medical records from Wilm's tumor patients were reviewed to identify those diagnosed with CLS. Moreover, the following data were extracted for each patient, including age, gender, histological subtyping, tumor stage, risk group, biomarkers, chemotherapy regimen and dosage, surgery details, clinical manifestation of CLS, treatment regimen of CLS, and patient outcomes. From January 1st, 2014 to December 31st, 2016, a total of seven patients with Wilms tumor were identified with a diagnosis of VCR-associated CLS. Typically, for these seven cases in our study, the predominant features of CLS included interstitial pneumonia and pulmonary edema. Moreover, steroid therapy was demonstrated as the most effective therapy in our study. The clinical features of VCR-induced CLS are distinct, and pediatric oncologists should be aware of CLS that manifests as interstitial pneumonia and pulmonary edema during the VCR treatment for patients with Wilm's tumor.