Jiajun Xu1,2, Yangfan Tian1, Jun Yin2, Jinhua Wang1, Weize Xu1, Zhuo Shi1, Jianzhong Fu2, Qiang Shu1. 1. Department of Heart Center, The Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. 2. Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: This study sought to assess the application of three-dimensional (3D) printing in preoperative planning for anomalous pulmonary venous connection (APVC). METHODS: From November 2017 to January 2019, 17 children diagnosed with APVC were enrolled in this study (total APVC supracardiac type in 10 children, intracardiac type in 2 children, infracardiac type in 1 child, mixed type in 1 child, partial APVC in 3 children). The age was ranged 2 days to 20 months old (median age 1 m 5 d). Before operation, 3D-printed patient-specific heart models were created based on a cardiac computed tomography (CCT) data set with photosensitive resin materials in stereolithography (SLA) technology. These 3D models were used for presurgical decision making and navigation in the operation room. After surgery, the roles of the 3D models were evaluated with questionnaires. RESULTS: All 17 children successfully underwent surgeries. 3D heart models accurately demonstrated the malformations, which were all confirmed consistent with surgery findings. The final surgery programs were in accord with presurgical planning. Modeling took 0.5-2 h, with an average of 0.9±0.4 h. Printing took 2-5 h, with an average of 3.4±1.2 h. All these children were discharged without adverse events. During follow-up, 2 children suspect of anastomotic stenosis were performed cardiac CT, and 3D printed heart models were created. Results confirmed there was no obvious anastomotic stenosis. Questionnaire results indicate that 3D printing is a promising technique in clinical practice. CONCLUSIONS: 3D printing is beneficial for preoperative planning and post-surgery follow-up in APVC. 2019 Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery. All rights reserved.
BACKGROUND: This study sought to assess the application of three-dimensional (3D) printing in preoperative planning for anomalous pulmonary venous connection (APVC). METHODS: From November 2017 to January 2019, 17 children diagnosed with APVC were enrolled in this study (total APVC supracardiac type in 10 children, intracardiac type in 2 children, infracardiac type in 1 child, mixed type in 1 child, partial APVC in 3 children). The age was ranged 2 days to 20 months old (median age 1 m 5 d). Before operation, 3D-printed patient-specific heart models were created based on a cardiac computed tomography (CCT) data set with photosensitive resin materials in stereolithography (SLA) technology. These 3D models were used for presurgical decision making and navigation in the operation room. After surgery, the roles of the 3D models were evaluated with questionnaires. RESULTS: All 17 children successfully underwent surgeries. 3D heart models accurately demonstrated the malformations, which were all confirmed consistent with surgery findings. The final surgery programs were in accord with presurgical planning. Modeling took 0.5-2 h, with an average of 0.9±0.4 h. Printing took 2-5 h, with an average of 3.4±1.2 h. All these children were discharged without adverse events. During follow-up, 2 children suspect of anastomotic stenosis were performed cardiac CT, and 3D printed heart models were created. Results confirmed there was no obvious anastomotic stenosis. Questionnaire results indicate that 3D printing is a promising technique in clinical practice. CONCLUSIONS: 3D printing is beneficial for preoperative planning and post-surgery follow-up in APVC. 2019 Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery. All rights reserved.
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