Exponential amplification reaction and triplex DNA mediated aggregation of gold nanoparticles for sensitive colorimetric detection of microRNA.

Abnormal expression of specific microRNAs (miRNAs) is associated with the occurrence, development and prognosis of many diseases. In this study, a miRNA detection method based on exponential amplification reaction (EXPAR) and triplex DNA mediated aggregation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was established. Specifically, one class of AuNPs is conjugated with an EXPAR probe, on which there is a complementary sequence of the target miRNA. The EXPAR reaction is triggered and duplex DNA is formed on the surface of AuNPs when the target miRNA exists. Then, single DNA probe on another class of AuNPs interacts with the duplex DNA to form triplex DNA, leading to the aggregation of the two classes of AuNPs, which could be quantified by UV-vis. The proposed method is highly selective and can afford a detection limit of 0.23 fM. Notably, all the ingredients needed for the analysis can pre-add to a tube and only 30 min is needed for the whole detection process. The method is simple, fast and with considerable selectivity and accuracy, so a great potential for this method is expected to meet the need of point-of-care testing of miRNA.