Biomarker for personalized immunotherapy.

Programmed cell death 1/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) interaction protects cancer cells from immune destruction. Blocking the pathway allows infiltrated T cells to kill tumor cells (TCs), in order to prevent tumor proliferation and distant migration. Immunotherapy with checkpoint blockade (CPB) has emerged as a powerful weapon conquering multiple cancer. However, PD-L1 expression and tumor mutation burden (TMB) are not perfect biomarkers for patients selection to treated with immunotherapy. Increasing evidence showed that other immune-related factored must be payed enough attention and combined biomarkers present promising prospects. Here, we give an overview on available biomarkers in clinic and potential biomarkers for future research. 2019 Translational Lung Cancer Research. All rights reserved.