Mary E Winger1, Paolo Caserotti2, Jane A Cauley1, Robert M Boudreau1, Sara R Piva3, Peggy M Cawthon4,5, Tamara B Harris6, Elizabeth Barrett-Connor7, Howard A Fink8,9, Deborah M Kado7, Elsa S Strotmeyer10. 1. Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 N. Bellefield Ave., Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA. 2. Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics and the Center for Active and Healthy Ageing, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. 3. Department of Physical Therapy and Clinical and Translational Science Institute, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. 4. California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA. 5. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. 6. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. 7. Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. 8. Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA. 9. Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. 10. Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 N. Bellefield Ave., Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA. strotmeyere@edc.pitt.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Weight-bearing jump tests measure lower extremity muscle power, velocity, and force, and may be more strongly related to physical performance than grip strength. However, these relationships are not well described in older adults. METHODS: Participants were 1242 older men (mean age 84 ± 4 years) in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study. Jump peak power (Watts/kg body weight), force (Newton/kg body weight) at peak power, and velocity (m/s) at peak power were measured by jump tests on a force plate. Grip strength (kg/kg body weight) was assessed by hand-held dynamometry. Physical performance included 400 m walk time (s), 6 m usual gait speed (m/s), and 5-repeated chair stands speed (#/s). RESULTS: In adjusted Pearson correlations, power/kg and velocity moderately correlated with all performance measures (range r = 0.41-0.51; all p < 0.001), while correlations for force/kg and grip strength/kg were weaker (range r = 0.20-0.33; all p < 0.001). Grip strength/kg moderately correlated with power/kg (r = 0.44; p < 0.001) but not velocity or force/kg. In adjusted linear regression with standardized βs, 1 SD lower power/kg was associated with worse: 400 m walk time (β = 0.47), gait speed (β = 0.42), and chair stands speed (β = 0.43) (all p < 0.05). Associations with velocity were similar (400 m walk time: β = 0.42; gait speed: β = 0.38; chair stands speed: β = 0.37; all p < 0.05). Force/kg and grip strength/kg were more weakly associated with performance (range β = 0.18-0.28; all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS/DISCUSSION: Jump power and velocity had stronger associations with physical performance than jump force or grip strength. This suggests lower extremity power and velocity may be more strongly related to physical performance than lower extremity force or upper extremity strength in older men.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Weight-bearing jump tests measure lower extremity muscle power, velocity, and force, and may be more strongly related to physical performance than grip strength. However, these relationships are not well described in older adults. METHODS: Participants were 1242 older men (mean age 84 ± 4 years) in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study. Jump peak power (Watts/kg body weight), force (Newton/kg body weight) at peak power, and velocity (m/s) at peak power were measured by jump tests on a force plate. Grip strength (kg/kg body weight) was assessed by hand-held dynamometry. Physical performance included 400 m walk time (s), 6 m usual gait speed (m/s), and 5-repeated chair stands speed (#/s). RESULTS: In adjusted Pearson correlations, power/kg and velocity moderately correlated with all performance measures (range r = 0.41-0.51; all p < 0.001), while correlations for force/kg and grip strength/kg were weaker (range r = 0.20-0.33; all p < 0.001). Grip strength/kg moderately correlated with power/kg (r = 0.44; p < 0.001) but not velocity or force/kg. In adjusted linear regression with standardized βs, 1 SD lower power/kg was associated with worse: 400 m walk time (β = 0.47), gait speed (β = 0.42), and chair stands speed (β = 0.43) (all p < 0.05). Associations with velocity were similar (400 m walk time: β = 0.42; gait speed: β = 0.38; chair stands speed: β = 0.37; all p < 0.05). Force/kg and grip strength/kg were more weakly associated with performance (range β = 0.18-0.28; all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS/DISCUSSION: Jump power and velocity had stronger associations with physical performance than jump force or grip strength. This suggests lower extremity power and velocity may be more strongly related to physical performance than lower extremity force or upper extremity strength in older men.
Entities:
Keywords:
Countermovement; Epidemiology; Muscle; Physical function; Power
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