João Gabriel Guimarães Luz1,2, Amanda Gabriela Carvalho1,2, Danilo Bueno Naves1, João Victor Leite Dias3, Cor Jesus Fernandes Fontes2,4. 1. School of Medicine, Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), 5055 dos Estudantes Ave. Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso, 78735-901, Brazil. 2. School of Medicine, Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), 2367 Fernando Corrêa da Costa Ave. Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, 78060-900, Brazil. 3. School of Medicine, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), 1 Cruzeiro St. Teófilo Otoni, Minas Gerais, 39803-371, Brazil. 4. School of Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences of Cacoal (FACIMED), 3087 Cuiabá Ave. Cacoal, Rondônia, 76963-665, Brazil.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: This retrospective case-control study aimed to investigate the factors associated with the occurrence of human visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the municipality of Rondonópolis, which is a highly endemic area for VL in Central-Western Brazil. METHODS: All VL cases reported in Rondonópolis from 2011 to 2016 were included. For each case, two neighborhood- and age-matched controls with the absence of past and present history of VL and negative rk39-based immunochromatographic test, were recruited. Data were retrospectively collected through interviews that assessed socioeconomic aspects, housing features, backyard characteristics, presence of animals and daily habits. A multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with human VL. RESULTS: During the study period, 81 VL cases were reported in Rondonópolis, of which 37 (45.7%) were included in this study. Seventy controls were also included. The variables associated with VL occurrence were the outdoor location of a bathroom and/or kitchen separated from the rest of the house (OR 7.8; 95% CI 2.1 to 29.5), the presence of a vegetable garden (OR 5.3; 95% CI 1.3 to 21.2) and the presence of decaying fruits (OR 10.7; 95% CI 2.0 to 52.1) in the backyard. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest an association between backyard characteristics and VL. This may be useful in guiding preventive and control measures against zoonotic VL worldwide.
BACKGROUND: This retrospective case-control study aimed to investigate the factors associated with the occurrence of humanvisceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the municipality of Rondonópolis, which is a highly endemic area for VL in Central-Western Brazil. METHODS: All VL cases reported in Rondonópolis from 2011 to 2016 were included. For each case, two neighborhood- and age-matched controls with the absence of past and present history of VL and negative rk39-based immunochromatographic test, were recruited. Data were retrospectively collected through interviews that assessed socioeconomic aspects, housing features, backyard characteristics, presence of animals and daily habits. A multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with humanVL. RESULTS: During the study period, 81 VL cases were reported in Rondonópolis, of which 37 (45.7%) were included in this study. Seventy controls were also included. The variables associated with VL occurrence were the outdoor location of a bathroom and/or kitchen separated from the rest of the house (OR 7.8; 95% CI 2.1 to 29.5), the presence of a vegetable garden (OR 5.3; 95% CI 1.3 to 21.2) and the presence of decaying fruits (OR 10.7; 95% CI 2.0 to 52.1) in the backyard. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest an association between backyard characteristics and VL. This may be useful in guiding preventive and control measures against zoonotic VL worldwide.
Authors: João Gabriel G Luz; Amanda G de Carvalho; João Victor L Dias; Luis Claudio L Marciano; Sake J de Vlas; Cor Jesus F Fontes; Luc E Coffeng Journal: PLoS Negl Trop Dis Date: 2021-10-08