Kate E C Grimshaw1, Graham Roberts2, Anna Selby3, Andreas Reich4, Indra Butiene5, Michael Clausen6, Ruta Dubakiene7, Ana Fiandor8, Alessandro Fiocchi9, Linus B Grabenhenrich10, Jose Ignacio Larco8, Marek L Kowalski11, Odilija Rudzeviciene7, Nikolaos G Papadopoulos12, Leonard Rosenfeld13, Sigurveig Th Sigurdardottir14, Aline B Sprikkelman15, Ana A Schoemaker16, Paraskevi Xepapadaki17, E N Clare Mills18, Thomas Keil19, Kirsten Beyer13. 1. Experimental Sciences & Human Development in Health Academic Units, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Department of Dietetics, Salford Royal Foundation Trust, Salford, United Kingdom. 2. Experimental Sciences & Human Development in Health Academic Units, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom. Electronic address: g.c.roberts@soton.ac.uk. 3. Experimental Sciences & Human Development in Health Academic Units, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom. 4. German Rheumatism Research Center, Epidemiology Unit, Berlin, Germany. 5. Faculty of Health Sciences, Klaipeda University, Klaipeda, Lithuania. 6. Children's Hospital, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland. 7. Clinic of Children's Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania. 8. Department of Allergy, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain. 9. Division of Allergy, Pediatric Hospital Bambino, Rome, Italy. 10. Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany. 11. Department of Immunology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland. 12. Allergy Unit, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Division of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom. 13. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pneumology and Immunology with Intensive Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. 14. Department of Immunology, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland. 15. Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Paediatric Pulmonology and Paediatric Allergology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. 16. Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 17. Allergy Unit, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece. 18. Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom. 19. Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Institute for Health Resort Medicine and Health Promotion, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Bad Kissingen, Germany.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Hen's egg is one of the commonest causes of food allergy, but there are little data on its risk factors. OBJECTIVE: To assess the risk factors, particularly eczema, for hen's egg allergy in the EuroPrevall birth cohort. METHODS: In the pan-European EuroPrevall birth cohort, questionnaires were undertaken at 12 and 24 months or when parents reported symptoms. Children with suspected egg allergy were invited for skin prick testing, specific IgE assessment, and double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) as indicated. Each egg allergy case (positive DBPCFC or egg-induced anaphylaxis) was allocated up to 2 age- and country-matched controls. RESULTS: A total of 12,049 infants were recruited into the EuroPrevall birth cohort, and 9,336 (77.5%) were followed until 2 years. A total of 86 infants had egg allergy (84 by DBPCFC) and were matched with 140 controls. Independently associated with egg allergy were past/current eczema (adjusted odds ratio, 9.21; 95% CI, 2.65-32.04), Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (1.54 per 5 units; 1.28-1.86), antibiotics in the first week of life (6.17; 1.42-26.89), and current rhinitis (3.02; 1.04-8.78). Increasing eczema severity was associated with an increasing likelihood of egg allergy. Eczema was reported to have started 3.6 (SE, 0.5) months before egg allergy. Age of introduction of egg into the diet was not associated with egg allergy. CONCLUSIONS: Similar to peanut allergy, eczema was strongly associated with egg allergy development and the association increased with increasing eczema severity. The age of introduction of dietary egg was not a risk factor. The potential role of antibiotics in early life as a risk factor for egg allergy needs further examination.
BACKGROUND: Hen's egg is one of the commonest causes of food allergy, but there are little data on its risk factors. OBJECTIVE: To assess the risk factors, particularly eczema, for hen's egg allergy in the EuroPrevall birth cohort. METHODS: In the pan-European EuroPrevall birth cohort, questionnaires were undertaken at 12 and 24 months or when parents reported symptoms. Children with suspected egg allergy were invited for skin prick testing, specific IgE assessment, and double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) as indicated. Each egg allergy case (positive DBPCFC or egg-induced anaphylaxis) was allocated up to 2 age- and country-matched controls. RESULTS: A total of 12,049 infants were recruited into the EuroPrevall birth cohort, and 9,336 (77.5%) were followed until 2 years. A total of 86 infants had egg allergy (84 by DBPCFC) and were matched with 140 controls. Independently associated with egg allergy were past/current eczema (adjusted odds ratio, 9.21; 95% CI, 2.65-32.04), Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (1.54 per 5 units; 1.28-1.86), antibiotics in the first week of life (6.17; 1.42-26.89), and current rhinitis (3.02; 1.04-8.78). Increasing eczema severity was associated with an increasing likelihood of egg allergy. Eczema was reported to have started 3.6 (SE, 0.5) months before egg allergy. Age of introduction of egg into the diet was not associated with egg allergy. CONCLUSIONS: Similar to peanut allergy, eczema was strongly associated with egg allergy development and the association increased with increasing eczema severity. The age of introduction of dietary egg was not a risk factor. The potential role of antibiotics in early life as a risk factor for egg allergy needs further examination.
Authors: Kacper Packi; Joanna Matysiak; Sylwia Klimczak; Eliza Matuszewska; Anna Bręborowicz; Dagmara Pietkiewicz; Jan Matysiak Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2022-06-27 Impact factor: 4.614
Authors: Elizabeth Yakaboski; Lacey B Robinson; Anna Arroyo; Janice A Espinola; Ruth J Geller; Ashley F Sullivan; Susan A Rudders; Carlos A Camargo Journal: Nutrients Date: 2021-07-05 Impact factor: 5.717