Engineering a Novel 3D Printed Vascularized Tissue Model for Investigating Breast Cancer Metastasis to Bone.

Cancer metastases are a challenge for cancer treatment due to their organ specificity and pathophysiological complexity. Engineering 3D in vitro models capable of replicating native cancer dissemination can significantly improve the understanding of cancer biology and can help to guide the development of more effective treatments. In order to better mimic the behavior of native cancer, a triculture metastatic model is created using a stereolithography printing technique with optimized inks for investigating the invasion of breast cancer (BrCa) cells into vascularized bone tissue. The printed system allows to study transendothelial migration and the colony-forming behavior of metastatic BrCa cells. The key steps of BrCa cell progression including expansion, migration, and colonization are continuously monitored and the interactions between cancer cells, vascular cells, and bone cells are systematically investigated. The study results demonstrate that the 3D printed tissue construct by incorporating multiple cells and various favorable ink matrices provides a suitable model to study the interaction between these cells in a complex vascular microenvironment. As such, the 3D printed tricultured model may serve as a valuable tool for studying metastatic breast cancer progression in bone.