BACKGROUND: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is associated with significant disease burden in adults but has not been measured uniformly. Reconciling differences across studies is critical for understanding the true burden of CAP. METHODS: We performed a systematic literature review of the incidence of hospitalized CAP among US adults and described the impact of key study characteristics on these estimates. RESULTS: After review of 8361 articles as of January 31, 2019, we identified 28 studies with 41 unique estimates of hospitalized CAP incidence. Among adults ≥65 years of age, annual rates of hospitalized CAP ranged from 847 to 3500 per 100,000 persons with median = 1830. Rates were lower in studies that excluded patients with healthcare-associated (but community-onset) pneumonia (HCAP; median = 2003 vs 1286; P = 0.02) or immunocompromising conditions (median = 1895 vs 1409; P = 0.27) compared to those that did not. Rates of CAP were also lower in studies that used more restrictive criteria for diagnosing pneumonia (eg, pneumonia coded in any diagnosis position [median = 2270] vs pneumonia coded in the first position only [median = 1375] in studies of administrative claims; P = 0.02). For adults <65 years of age, rates of CAP were lower (range: 89 to 1138 per 100,000; median = 199). CONCLUSIONS: CAP causes a significant disease burden among adults, particularly among those ≥65 years of age. Commonly-applied exclusion criteria (eg, persons with HCAP or immunocompromising conditions) or restrictive case definitions (eg, only including pneumonias coded in the primary diagnosis position) have led to systematic underestimation of CAP incidence in many previous studies. In studies that did not apply these restrictive criteria, the rate of hospitalization was approximately 2000 per 100,000 annually. Understanding the true burden of adult CAP is critical for highlighting the ongoing need for expanded prevention programs, including vaccination.
BACKGROUND: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is associated with significant disease burden in adults but has not been measured uniformly. Reconciling differences across studies is critical for understanding the true burden of CAP. METHODS: We performed a systematic literature review of the incidence of hospitalized CAP among US adults and described the impact of key study characteristics on these estimates. RESULTS: After review of 8361 articles as of January 31, 2019, we identified 28 studies with 41 unique estimates of hospitalized CAP incidence. Among adults ≥65 years of age, annual rates of hospitalized CAP ranged from 847 to 3500 per 100,000 persons with median = 1830. Rates were lower in studies that excluded patients with healthcare-associated (but community-onset) pneumonia (HCAP; median = 2003 vs 1286; P = 0.02) or immunocompromising conditions (median = 1895 vs 1409; P = 0.27) compared to those that did not. Rates of CAP were also lower in studies that used more restrictive criteria for diagnosing pneumonia (eg, pneumonia coded in any diagnosis position [median = 2270] vs pneumonia coded in the first position only [median = 1375] in studies of administrative claims; P = 0.02). For adults <65 years of age, rates of CAP were lower (range: 89 to 1138 per 100,000; median = 199). CONCLUSIONS:CAP causes a significant disease burden among adults, particularly among those ≥65 years of age. Commonly-applied exclusion criteria (eg, persons with HCAP or immunocompromising conditions) or restrictive case definitions (eg, only including pneumonias coded in the primary diagnosis position) have led to systematic underestimation of CAP incidence in many previous studies. In studies that did not apply these restrictive criteria, the rate of hospitalization was approximately 2000 per 100,000 annually. Understanding the true burden of adult CAP is critical for highlighting the ongoing need for expanded prevention programs, including vaccination.
Authors: Pia Holma; Paula Pesonen; Olli Mustonen; Marjo-Riitta Järvelin; Heikki Kauma; Juha Auvinen; Timo Hautala Journal: ERJ Open Res Date: 2022-06-27
Authors: Harshad Hegde; Ingrid Glurich; Aloksagar Panny; Jayanth G Vedre; Jeffrey J VanWormer; Richard Berg; Frank A Scannapieco; Jeffrey Miecznikowski; Amit Acharya Journal: Methods Inf Med Date: 2022-03-17 Impact factor: 1.800
Authors: Christian Theilacker; Ralf Sprenger; Friedhelm Leverkus; Jochen Walker; Dennis Häckl; Christof von Eiff; Julia Schiffner-Rohe Journal: PLoS One Date: 2021-06-15 Impact factor: 3.240