In-Soo Kim1, Pil-Sung Yang2, Jinae Lee3, Hee Tae Yu1, Tae-Hoon Kim1, Jae-Sun Uhm1, Jong-Youn Kim4, Hui-Nam Pak1, Moon-Hyoung Lee1, Boyoung Joung5. 1. Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 2. Department of Cardiology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea. 3. Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 4. Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211 Eonju-ro Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: jykim0706@yuhs.ac. 5. Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: cby6908@yuhs.ac.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Although eastern Asian countries are exposed to high levels of air pollution, the impact of long-term exposures to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality is not well identified. We assessed the relationship between long-term PM2.5 exposure and all-cause/cardiovascular mortalities. METHODS: We included 436,933 subjects who received national health examinations from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-based National Sample Cohort. We matched subjects' residential-address areas with hourly-measurements of PM2.5 concentration data. We estimated the risk of mortality with average PM2.5 exposure during the study period using a Cox proportional-hazards model. RESULTS: During 1,683,271 person·years, all-cause and cardiovascular mortalities were observed in 6432 and 1603 subjects (382 and 95 per 100,000 person·years, respectively). An increase in 10 μg/m3 in PM2.5 was associated with increases in all-cause and cardiovascular mortalities by 3.4 % [2.7-4.1] and 4.7 % [3.6-5.8], respectively (each p < 0.001). PM2.5 was linearly and significantly correlated with these all-cause and cardiovascular mortalities above 18 μg/m3 of PM2.5 (p < 0.001), but it was not significant below 18 μg/m3 of PM2.5. To investigate the specific PM2.5 concentration for raising cardiovascular mortality more, we analyzed the sensitivities/specificities for different PM2.5 levels, and 18 μg/m3 showed the highest Youden's index (sensitivity + specificity-1) with c-index of 0.85 (0.84-0.86). PM2.5 effect on all-cause mortality was more profound in subjects with previous myocardial infarction compared to the opposite population. CONCLUSIONS: In the Korean general population exposed to high-air pollution, long-term PM2.5 exposure was linearly associated with increased risk for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, especially above 18 μg/m3 of PM2.5.
BACKGROUND: Although eastern Asian countries are exposed to high levels of air pollution, the impact of long-term exposures to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality is not well identified. We assessed the relationship between long-term PM2.5 exposure and all-cause/cardiovascular mortalities. METHODS: We included 436,933 subjects who received national health examinations from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-based National Sample Cohort. We matched subjects' residential-address areas with hourly-measurements of PM2.5 concentration data. We estimated the risk of mortality with average PM2.5 exposure during the study period using a Cox proportional-hazards model. RESULTS: During 1,683,271 person·years, all-cause and cardiovascular mortalities were observed in 6432 and 1603 subjects (382 and 95 per 100,000 person·years, respectively). An increase in 10 μg/m3 in PM2.5 was associated with increases in all-cause and cardiovascular mortalities by 3.4 % [2.7-4.1] and 4.7 % [3.6-5.8], respectively (each p < 0.001). PM2.5 was linearly and significantly correlated with these all-cause and cardiovascular mortalities above 18 μg/m3 of PM2.5 (p < 0.001), but it was not significant below 18 μg/m3 of PM2.5. To investigate the specific PM2.5 concentration for raising cardiovascular mortality more, we analyzed the sensitivities/specificities for different PM2.5 levels, and 18 μg/m3 showed the highest Youden's index (sensitivity + specificity-1) with c-index of 0.85 (0.84-0.86). PM2.5 effect on all-cause mortality was more profound in subjects with previous myocardial infarction compared to the opposite population. CONCLUSIONS: In the Korean general population exposed to high-air pollution, long-term PM2.5 exposure was linearly associated with increased risk for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, especially above 18 μg/m3 of PM2.5.
Authors: Seulkee Heo; Ji-Young Son; Chris C Lim; Kelvin C Fong; Hayon Michelle Choi; Raul U Hernandez-Ramirez; Kate Nyhan; Preet K Dhillon; Suhela Kapoor; Dorairaj Prabhakaran; Donna Spiegelman; Michelle L Bell Journal: Environ Res Lett Date: 2022-05-16 Impact factor: 6.947
Authors: Rafał Januszek; Bartłomiej Staszczak; Zbigniew Siudak; Jerzy Bartuś; Krzysztof Plens; Stanisław Bartuś; Dariusz Dudek Journal: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int Date: 2020-04-08 Impact factor: 4.223