Zeinab Naeini1, Omid Toupchian2, Akram Vatannejad3, Gity Sotoudeh4, Maryam Teimouri5, Mostafa Ghorbani6, Ensieh Nasli-Esfahani7, Fariba Koohdani8. 1. Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2. Department of Nutrition and Public Health, School of Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Science, Bojnurd, Iran. 3. Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Iran; Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 4. Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 5. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 6. Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran. 7. Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 8. Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: fkoohdan@tums.ac.ir.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Omega-3polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are natural peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) ligands. Activated PPAR-γ protects the cardiovascular system against atherosclerotic lesion formation and exerts its anti-inflammatory role by suppressing cytokines induced by nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) in endothelial cells (ECs), and it is hypothesized that apoptosis and cell cycle arrest induced by PPAR-γ ligands may be mediated by the p53-dependent pathway. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-enriched fish oil supplement on PPAR-γ activity and mRNA expression levels of p53 and NF-κB. METHODS AND RESULTS:Fifty patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) aged 30-70 years were randomly assigned to receive either 2400 mg/d DHA-rich fish oil or placebo for 8 weeks. Metabolic parameters were assessed at baseline and at the end of the intervention. PPAR-γ activity in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was measured using ELISA-based PPAR-γ Transcription Factor Assay Kit, and the gene expression levels of p53 and NF-κB were assessed using real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). On the basis of our finding, 8 weeks of treatment with DHA-rich fish oil increased PPAR-γ activity in PBMCs of subjects with T2DM (p < 0.01) compared to that in placebo (p = 0.4). Between-group comparisons of mean PPAR-γ activity changes showed significant differences (p = 0.03), whereas mRNA expression levels of the p53 and NF-κB genes did not show significant differences between studied groups (p = 0.2 and p = 0.5, respectively). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicated that short-term DHA-rich fish oil supplementation may modulate PPAR-γ activity in PBMCs.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are natural peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) ligands. Activated PPAR-γ protects the cardiovascular system against atherosclerotic lesion formation and exerts its anti-inflammatory role by suppressing cytokines induced by nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) in endothelial cells (ECs), and it is hypothesized that apoptosis and cell cycle arrest induced by PPAR-γ ligands may be mediated by the p53-dependent pathway. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-enriched fish oil supplement on PPAR-γ activity and mRNA expression levels of p53 and NF-κB. METHODS AND RESULTS: Fifty patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) aged 30-70 years were randomly assigned to receive either 2400 mg/d DHA-rich fish oil or placebo for 8 weeks. Metabolic parameters were assessed at baseline and at the end of the intervention. PPAR-γ activity in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was measured using ELISA-based PPAR-γ Transcription Factor Assay Kit, and the gene expression levels of p53 and NF-κB were assessed using real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). On the basis of our finding, 8 weeks of treatment with DHA-rich fish oil increased PPAR-γ activity in PBMCs of subjects with T2DM (p < 0.01) compared to that in placebo (p = 0.4). Between-group comparisons of mean PPAR-γ activity changes showed significant differences (p = 0.03), whereas mRNA expression levels of the p53 and NF-κB genes did not show significant differences between studied groups (p = 0.2 and p = 0.5, respectively). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicated that short-term DHA-rich fish oil supplementation may modulate PPAR-γ activity in PBMCs.
Authors: Matthew Picklo; Bastien Vallée Marcotte; Michael Bukowski; Juan de Toro-Martín; Bret M Rust; Frédéric Guénard; Marie-Claude Vohl Journal: J Am Heart Assoc Date: 2021-01-19 Impact factor: 5.501
Authors: Annette L West; Elizabeth A Miles; Lihua Han; Karen A Lillycrop; Johnathan A Napier; Philip C Calder; Graham C Burdge Journal: Nutrients Date: 2021-09-05 Impact factor: 5.717