Vincent Ojwang1,2, Bright I Nwaru1,3,4, Hanna-Mari Takkinen1,5, Minna Kaila6,7, Onni Niemelä8, Anna-Maija Haapala9, Jorma Ilonen10,11, Jorma Toppari12,13, Heikki Hyöty9,14, Riitta Veijola15, Mikael Knip6,16,17,18,19,20, Suvi M Virtanen1,5,16,17,21. 1. Faculty of Social Sciences/Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland. 2. Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya. 3. Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. 4. Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. 5. Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland. 6. Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland. 7. Public Health Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. 8. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Research Unit, Seinajoki Central Hospital, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland. 9. Fimlab Laboratories, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland. 10. Immunogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. 11. Department of Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland. 12. Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre of Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. 13. Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland. 14. Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland. 15. Department of Pediatrics, PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Centre, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. 16. Tampere Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland. 17. Science Center of Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland. 18. Folkhalsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland. 19. Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. 20. Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. 21. Science Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Synergistic role of exposure to cats, dogs, and farm animals during infancy on the risk of childhood asthma and allergy remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: To investigate independent and synergistic associations between exposure to indoor pets and farm animals during infancy and the risk of asthma and allergy by age 5. METHODS: We studied 3781 children participating in the Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) Nutrition Study. At age 5, a validated version of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire was administered to collect information on asthma and allergic disease, and exposure to indoor pets and farm animals during the first year of life. Allergen-specific IgE antibodies were analyzed from serum samples. Statistical analyses employed Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression. RESULTS: Having a dog in the house was inversely associated with the risk of asthma (HR 0.60; 95% CI, 0.38-0.96), allergic rhinitis (OR 0.72; 95% CI, 0.53-0.97), and atopic sensitization (OR 0.77; 95% CI, 0.63-0.96). Having a cat was associated with a decreased risk of atopic eczema (OR 0.68; 95% CI, 0.51-0.92). Farm animals were neither independently nor in synergy with indoor pets associated with the outcomes. CONCLUSION: Having a dog or cat in the house during the first year of life may protect against childhood asthma and allergy. We did not find a synergistic association between cat, dog, and farm animal exposure on the risk of childhood asthma and allergy. Future research should identify specific causative exposures conferred by indoor pets and whether they could be recommended for allergy prevention.
BACKGROUND: Synergistic role of exposure to cats, dogs, and farm animals during infancy on the risk of childhood asthma and allergy remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: To investigate independent and synergistic associations between exposure to indoor pets and farm animals during infancy and the risk of asthma and allergy by age 5. METHODS: We studied 3781 children participating in the Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) Nutrition Study. At age 5, a validated version of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire was administered to collect information on asthma and allergic disease, and exposure to indoor pets and farm animals during the first year of life. Allergen-specific IgE antibodies were analyzed from serum samples. Statistical analyses employed Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression. RESULTS: Having a dog in the house was inversely associated with the risk of asthma (HR 0.60; 95% CI, 0.38-0.96), allergic rhinitis (OR 0.72; 95% CI, 0.53-0.97), and atopic sensitization (OR 0.77; 95% CI, 0.63-0.96). Having a cat was associated with a decreased risk of atopic eczema (OR 0.68; 95% CI, 0.51-0.92). Farm animals were neither independently nor in synergy with indoor pets associated with the outcomes. CONCLUSION: Having a dog or cat in the house during the first year of life may protect against childhood asthma and allergy. We did not find a synergistic association between cat, dog, and farm animal exposure on the risk of childhood asthma and allergy. Future research should identify specific causative exposures conferred by indoor pets and whether they could be recommended for allergy prevention.
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