Hanaa Shafiek1,2, Melania Evangelisti3, Nashwa Hassan Abd-Elwahab4, Mario Barreto3, Maria Pia Villa3, Mahmoud Ibrahim Mahmoud4. 1. Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, El-Khartoom Square, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt. whitecoat_med@yahoo.com. 2. Pediatric Sleep Disease Center, Child Neurology, NESMOS Department, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, S. Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy. whitecoat_med@yahoo.com. 3. Pediatric Sleep Disease Center, Child Neurology, NESMOS Department, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, S. Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy. 4. Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, El-Khartoom Square, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: We aimed to detect obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) among school-age children presented with nocturnal enuresis (NE) and to identify the possible risk factors for OSA in them. METHODS: Sixty-six children aged > 5-16 years presented with NE were enrolled in the study. Children with urinary tract anatomical abnormalities or infection, intellectual disabilities, genetic syndromes, psychological issues, and diabetes mellitus were excluded. They were clinically examined, scored using sleep clinical record score (SCR), and subjected for full-night polysomnogram (PSG). Children with obstructive apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 2 episodes/hour (h) were considered as OSA. RESULTS: Fifty-four children (81.8% of the recruited children) aged 8.3 ± 2.8 years agreed to undergo PSG as 68.5% had OSA with median obstructive AHI of 6.1 (3.7-13.2) episodes/h, median oxygen saturation of 97% and nadir of 88%. Thirty-three percent were obese with significantly higher AHI [7.0 (3.7-12.4) vs. 2.4 (1.3-6.1) episodes/h; p = 0.023]. SCR score correlated significantly with AHI (r2 = 0.462, p = 0.001) with 91% sensitivity in detecting OSA ≥ 5 episodes/h. Nasal obstruction, adenoid/adult facial phenotype, and arched palate were associated with OSA (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: NE is commonly associated with OSA especially in obese children. Nasal obstruction, abnormal facial phenotype, and high-arched palate were common risk factors.
OBJECTIVES: We aimed to detect obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) among school-age children presented with nocturnal enuresis (NE) and to identify the possible risk factors for OSA in them. METHODS: Sixty-six children aged > 5-16 years presented with NE were enrolled in the study. Children with urinary tract anatomical abnormalities or infection, intellectual disabilities, genetic syndromes, psychological issues, and diabetes mellitus were excluded. They were clinically examined, scored using sleep clinical record score (SCR), and subjected for full-night polysomnogram (PSG). Children with obstructive apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 2 episodes/hour (h) were considered as OSA. RESULTS: Fifty-four children (81.8% of the recruited children) aged 8.3 ± 2.8 years agreed to undergo PSG as 68.5% had OSA with median obstructive AHI of 6.1 (3.7-13.2) episodes/h, median oxygen saturation of 97% and nadir of 88%. Thirty-three percent were obese with significantly higher AHI [7.0 (3.7-12.4) vs. 2.4 (1.3-6.1) episodes/h; p = 0.023]. SCR score correlated significantly with AHI (r2 = 0.462, p = 0.001) with 91% sensitivity in detecting OSA ≥ 5 episodes/h. Nasal obstruction, adenoid/adult facial phenotype, and arched palate were associated with OSA (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION:NE is commonly associated with OSA especially in obesechildren. Nasal obstruction, abnormal facial phenotype, and high-arched palate were common risk factors.
Entities:
Keywords:
Facial phenotype; Obesity; Obstructive apnea/hypopnea index; Sleep clinical record
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