Optimizing smartphone intervention features to improve chronic disease management: A rapid review.

While there are an increasing number of mobile health applications to facilitate self-management in patients with chronic disease, little is known about which application features are responsible for impact. The objective was to uncover application features associated with increased usability or improved patient outcomes. A rapid review was conducted in MEDLINE for recent studies on smartphone applications. Eligible studies examined applications for adult chronic disease populations, with self-management content, and assessed specific features. The features studied and their impacts on usability and patient outcomes were extracted. From 3661 records, 19 studies were eligible. Numerous application features related to interface (e.g. reduced number of screens, limited manual data entry) and content (e.g. simplicity, self-tracking features) were linked to improved usability. Only three studies examined patient outcomes. Specific features were shown to have a higher impact. Implementing them can improve chronic disease management and reduce app development efforts.