Literature DB >> 31824737

Death by Opioids: Are there non-addictive scientific solutions?

B William Downs1, Kenneth Blum1,2,3,4,5,6, David Baron2, Abdalla Bowirrat7, Lisa Lott6, Raymond Brewer6, Brent Boyett3, David Siwicki6, A Kenison Roy8, Arwen Podesta8, Sampada Badgaiyan6, Raju Hajela9, Lyle Fried10, Rajendra D Badgaiyan11.   

Abstract

In the face of the current Opioid crisis in America killing close to 800,000 people since 2004, we are proposing a novel approach to assist in at least attenuating these unwanted premature deaths. While we applaud the wonderful efforts of our governmental institutes and professional societies (NIDA, NIAAA, ASAM, ABAM ) in their extraordinary efforts in combating this continued dilemma, the current approach is failing, and other alternative approaches should at least be tested. These truths present a serious ethical dilemma to scientists, clinicians and counselors in the Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) treatment community. It is important to realize that the current DSM-5 does not actually accurately display the natural brain reward process. The human brain has not been designed to carve out specific drugs like opioids, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, benzodiazepines or cannabis and process addictions such as gambling as distinct endophenotypes. This is true in spite of natural ligands for cannabinoids, endorphins, or even benzodiazepines. The most accurate endophenotype is indeed reward dysfunction (e.g hypodopaminergic or hyperdopaminergic). With this mind, we are hereby proposing that the current Medication Assisted Treatment (i.e. 'MAT') expands to needed individuals as an initial "Band-Aid" to reduce harm avoidance, with the long-term goal of prophylaxis. So, to be clear, there may be other promising modalities other than MAT such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), exercise and even new medications with positive allosteric modulators of GABA-A receptors, as well as the highly researched Genetic Addiction Risk Score (GARS) coupled with precision KB220Z. This will induce "dopamine homeostasis" to effectively rebalance and restore healthier brain function by promoting the cross talk between various brain regions (e.g. Nucleus accumbens, cingulate gyrus, hippocampus etc.) resulting in dopamine homeostasis. Our laudable goal is to not only save lives, but to redeem joy and improve the quality of life in the recovery community through scientifically sound natural non-addicting alternatives.

Entities:  

Keywords:  american opioid crisis; dopamine homeostasis; genetic addiction risk score(gars); hyperdopaminergia; hypodopaminergia; pro-dopamine regulation

Year:  2019        PMID: 31824737      PMCID: PMC6904107          DOI: 10.15761/JSIN.1000211

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  J Syst Integr Neurosci        ISSN: 2059-9781


  14 in total

1.  Addiction Treatment in America: After Money or Aftercare?

Authors:  David Miller; Merlene Miller; Kenneth Blum; Rajendra D Badgaiyan; Marcelo Febo
Journal:  J Reward Defic Syndr       Date:  2015-10-21

Review 2.  Role of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) in Treatment of Addiction and Related Disorders: A Systematic Review.

Authors:  Ramkrishna Makani; Basant Pradhan; Umang Shah; Tapan Parikh
Journal:  Curr Drug Abuse Rev       Date:  2017

3.  Case law update. United States v Gonzales-Ramos , Case No. 2:13-cr-00105 (SD W Va September 3, 2013).

Authors:  John C West
Journal:  J Healthc Risk Manag       Date:  2014

4.  Modeling Health Benefits and Harms of Public Policy Responses to the US Opioid Epidemic.

Authors:  Allison L Pitt; Keith Humphreys; Margaret L Brandeau
Journal:  Am J Public Health       Date:  2018-08-23       Impact factor: 9.308

5.  Beyond Supply: How We Must Tackle the Opioid Epidemic.

Authors:  A Benjamin Srivastava; Mark S Gold
Journal:  Mayo Clin Proc       Date:  2018-03       Impact factor: 7.616

6.  rsfMRI effects of KB220Z™ on neural pathways in reward circuitry of abstinent genotyped heroin addicts.

Authors:  Kenneth Blum; Yijun Liu; Wei Wang; Yarong Wang; Yi Zhang; Marlene Oscar-Berman; Andrew Smolen; Marcelo Febo; David Han; Thomas Simpatico; Frans J Cronjé; Zsolt Demetrovics; Mark S Gold
Journal:  Postgrad Med       Date:  2014-12-16       Impact factor: 3.840

Review 7.  Genetic addiction risk score (GARS) ™, a predictor of vulnerability to opioid dependence.

Authors:  Kenneth Blum; Amanda L C Chen; Panayotis K Thanos; Marcelo Febo; Zsolt Demetrovics; Kristina Dushaj; Abraham Kovoor; David Baron; David E Smith; Alphonso Kenison Roy; Lyle Fried; Thomas J H Chen; Edwin Chapman; Edward J Modestino; Bruce Steinberg; Rajendra D Badgaiyan
Journal:  Front Biosci (Elite Ed)       Date:  2018-01-01

8.  Genetic Addiction Risk Score (GARS): molecular neurogenetic evidence for predisposition to Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS).

Authors:  Kenneth Blum; Marlene Oscar-Berman; Zsolt Demetrovics; Debmalya Barh; Mark S Gold
Journal:  Mol Neurobiol       Date:  2014-05-31       Impact factor: 5.590

9.  Allosteric modulators of GABA(B) receptors: mechanism of action and therapeutic perspective.

Authors:  Jean-Philippe Pin; Laurent Prézeau
Journal:  Curr Neuropharmacol       Date:  2007-09       Impact factor: 7.363

10.  The Molecular Neurobiology of Twelve Steps Program & Fellowship: Connecting the Dots for Recovery.

Authors:  Kenneth Blum; Benjamin Thompson; Zsolt Demotrovics; John Femino; John Giordano; Marlene Oscar-Berman; Scott Teitelbaum; David E Smith; A Kennison Roy; Gozde Agan; James Fratantonio; Rajendra D Badgaiyan; Mark S Gold
Journal:  J Reward Defic Syndr       Date:  2015
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  6 in total

Review 1.  Precision Behavioral Management (PBM) and Cognitive Control as a Potential Therapeutic and Prophylactic Modality for Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS): Is There Enough Evidence?

Authors:  Margaret A Madigan; Ashim Gupta; Abdalla Bowirrat; David Baron; Rajendra D Badgaiyan; Igor Elman; Catherine A Dennen; Eric R Braverman; Mark S Gold; Kenneth Blum
Journal:  Int J Environ Res Public Health       Date:  2022-05-24       Impact factor: 4.614

2.  Should We Embrace the Incorporation of Genetically Guided "Dopamine Homeostasis" in the Treatment of Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RSD) as a Frontline Therapeutic Modality?

Authors:  Kenneth Blum; Ali Raza; Tiffany Schultz; Rehan Jalali; Richard Green; Raymond Brewer; Panyotis K Thanos; Thomas McLaughlin; David Baron; Abdalla Bowirrat; Igor Elman; B William Downs; Debasis Bagchi; Rajendra D Badgaiyan
Journal:  Acta Sci Neurol       Date:  2021-02-02

3.  Cannabis-Induced Hypodopaminergic Anhedonia and Cognitive Decline in Humans: Embracing Putative Induction of Dopamine Homeostasis.

Authors:  Kenneth Blum; Jag Khalsa; Jean Lud Cadet; David Baron; Abdalla Bowirrat; Brent Boyett; Lisa Lott; Raymond Brewer; Marjorie Gondré-Lewis; Gregory Bunt; Shan Kazmi; Mark S Gold
Journal:  Front Psychiatry       Date:  2021-03-30       Impact factor: 4.157

4.  Molecular neuro-biological and systemic health benefits of achieving dopamine homeostasis in the face of a catastrophic pandemic (COVID- 19): A mechanistic exploration.

Authors:  B W Downs; K Blum; D Bagchi; S Kushner; M Bagchi; J M Galvin; McG Lewis; D Siwicki; R Brewer; B Boyett; D Baron; J Giordano; R D Badgaiyan
Journal:  J Syst Integr Neurosci       Date:  2020-04-30

Review 5.  A Novel Precision Approach to Overcome the "Addiction Pandemic" by Incorporating Genetic Addiction Risk Severity (GARS) and Dopamine Homeostasis Restoration.

Authors:  Kenneth Blum; Shan Kazmi; Edward J Modestino; Bill William Downs; Debasis Bagchi; David Baron; Thomas McLaughlin; Richard Green; Rehan Jalali; Panayotis K Thanos; Igor Elman; Rajendra D Badgaiyan; Abdalla Bowirrat; Mark S Gold
Journal:  J Pers Med       Date:  2021-03-16

Review 6.  A Review of DNA Risk Alleles to Determine Epigenetic Repair of mRNA Expression to Prove Therapeutic Effectiveness in Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS): Embracing "Precision Behavioral Management".

Authors:  Kenneth Blum; Bruce Steinberg; Marjorie C Gondre-Lewis; David Baron; Edward J Modestino; Rajendra D Badgaiyan; B William Downs; Debasis Bagchi; Raymond Brewer; Thomas McLaughlin; Abdalla Bowirrat; Mark Gold
Journal:  Psychol Res Behav Manag       Date:  2021-12-17
  6 in total

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