Ying Zhou1,2,3, Yu-Mao Cai4, Shi-Liang Li5, Ning-Xiao Cao1,2, Xiao-Feng Zhu1, Feng Wang4, Yan Han1,2, Yue-Ping Yin1,2, Xiang-Sheng Chen6,7. 1. Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China. 2. National Center for STD Control, Chinese Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China. 3. Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China. 4. Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China. 5. Wuhan Institute of Dermatology, Wuhan, China. 6. Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China. chenxs@ncstdlc.org. 7. National Center for STD Control, Chinese Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China. chenxs@ncstdlc.org.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection is one of the most pervasive sexually transmitted infections and has high prevalence in urogenital and extra-urogenital sites among men who have sex with men (MSM). This study investigated anatomical site-specific prevalence and genotypes of CT among MSM recruited from three geographic areas in China. METHODS: We collected urine specimens and anorectal, pharyngeal swab specimens from 379 MSM. CT infection was identified using polymerase chain reaction and CT genotyping was determined by sequences of the ompA gene. RESULTS: The results indicated that the overall prevalence of CT infection was 18.2% (95% confidence intervals [CIs], 13.9-22.5%) and significantly different between the cities (p = 0.048). The infection was most common at the anorectal site (15.6, 95%CIs 11.6-19.5%) followed by urethral (3.2, 95%CIs 1.4-5.0%) and oropharyngeal sites (1.6, 95%CIs 0.3-2.9%). Genotypes D and G were the most common CT strains in this population but genotype D was significantly predominated in Nanjing while genotype G was in Wuhan. No genotype related to lymphogranuloma venereum was found. CT infection was significantly related to the infection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 14.27, 95%CIs 6.02-33.83, p < 0.001) and age. Men older than 40 years old were less likely to have a CT infection as compared to men under 30 years old (aOR 0.37, 95% CIs 0.15-0.93, p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: The high CT infection prevalence, particularly in the anorectal site, among MSM suggests the necessity to development an integrated CT screening and treatment program specifically focusing on this high-risk population. Surveillance of CT infections should be improved by including both infection and genotype based surveys into the current surveillance programs in China.
BACKGROUND:Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection is one of the most pervasive sexually transmitted infections and has high prevalence in urogenital and extra-urogenital sites among men who have sex with men (MSM). This study investigated anatomical site-specific prevalence and genotypes of CT among MSM recruited from three geographic areas in China. METHODS: We collected urine specimens and anorectal, pharyngeal swab specimens from 379 MSM. CTinfection was identified using polymerase chain reaction and CT genotyping was determined by sequences of the ompA gene. RESULTS: The results indicated that the overall prevalence of CTinfection was 18.2% (95% confidence intervals [CIs], 13.9-22.5%) and significantly different between the cities (p = 0.048). The infection was most common at the anorectal site (15.6, 95%CIs 11.6-19.5%) followed by urethral (3.2, 95%CIs 1.4-5.0%) and oropharyngeal sites (1.6, 95%CIs 0.3-2.9%). Genotypes D and G were the most common CT strains in this population but genotype D was significantly predominated in Nanjing while genotype G was in Wuhan. No genotype related to lymphogranuloma venereum was found. CTinfection was significantly related to the infection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 14.27, 95%CIs 6.02-33.83, p < 0.001) and age. Men older than 40 years old were less likely to have a CTinfection as compared to men under 30 years old (aOR 0.37, 95% CIs 0.15-0.93, p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: The high CTinfection prevalence, particularly in the anorectal site, among MSM suggests the necessity to development an integrated CT screening and treatment program specifically focusing on this high-risk population. Surveillance of CT infections should be improved by including both infection and genotype based surveys into the current surveillance programs in China.
Authors: Nicole H T M Dukers-Muijrers; Ymke J Evers; Christian J P A Hoebe; Petra F G Wolffs; Henry J C de Vries; Bernice Hoenderboom; Marianne A B van der Sande; Janneke Heijne; Jeffrey D Klausner; Jane S Hocking; Jan van Bergen Journal: BMC Infect Dis Date: 2022-03-14 Impact factor: 3.090