Mekonen Eshete1,2,3, Azeez Butali4, Fikre Abate2, Taye Hailu2, Abiye Hailu1,2, Shiferaw Degu5, Yohannes Demissie1,2, Paul E Gravem6, Miliard Derbew1, Peter Mossey7, Tamara Bush4, Wakgari Deressa3. 1. Surgical Department, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University. 2. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College. 3. Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 4. Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology, and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA. 5. Dental Department, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 6. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. 7. Department of Orthodontics, University of Dundee, Scotland, UK.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Nonsyndromic orofacial clefts (NSOFCs) represent the most common congenital anomalies in the head and neck region. Multiple factors contribute to the occurrence of this anomaly. The etiology of NSOFCs in the Ethiopian population has not been investigated prior to this study. AIMS OF THE STUDY: To assess the role of maternal environmental factors in the occurrence of NSOFCs in the Ethiopian Population. METHODS: The authors used unmatched case control study design and evaluated the role of environmental factors to the occurrence of NSOFCs in the Ethiopian population. The participants were recruited from the same institution (Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College). The authors studied 760 mothers (359 mothers of children born with NSOFCs and 401 mothers of children born without any congenital anomalies). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to calculate relative risk by odds ratio and 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: Mothers who gave history of bronchial asthma and mothers who were admitted for threatened abortion had a higher risk of delivering a child with NSOFCS P value=0.013; AOR=0.194, 95% CI [0.053-0.712], P value <0.001; AOR= 0.179, 95% CI [0.091-0.352] respectively. Higher number of children with NSOFCs were born to mothers who were exposed to diagnostic X-ray investigation during early pregnancy than those who were not exposed P value 0.048; AOR=0.375, 95% CI [0.142-0.990]. CONCLUSION: Maternal exposure to diagnostic x-ray, maternal chronic illness like bronchial asthma and threatened abortion were found to be associated with the occurrence of NSOFCS in the studied population.
BACKGROUND:Nonsyndromic orofacial clefts (NSOFCs) represent the most common congenital anomalies in the head and neck region. Multiple factors contribute to the occurrence of this anomaly. The etiology of NSOFCs in the Ethiopian population has not been investigated prior to this study. AIMS OF THE STUDY: To assess the role of maternal environmental factors in the occurrence of NSOFCs in the Ethiopian Population. METHODS: The authors used unmatched case control study design and evaluated the role of environmental factors to the occurrence of NSOFCs in the Ethiopian population. The participants were recruited from the same institution (Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College). The authors studied 760 mothers (359 mothers of children born with NSOFCs and 401 mothers of children born without any congenital anomalies). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to calculate relative risk by odds ratio and 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: Mothers who gave history of bronchial asthma and mothers who were admitted for threatened abortion had a higher risk of delivering a child with NSOFCS P value=0.013; AOR=0.194, 95% CI [0.053-0.712], P value <0.001; AOR= 0.179, 95% CI [0.091-0.352] respectively. Higher number of children with NSOFCs were born to mothers who were exposed to diagnostic X-ray investigation during early pregnancy than those who were not exposed P value 0.048; AOR=0.375, 95% CI [0.142-0.990]. CONCLUSION: Maternal exposure to diagnostic x-ray, maternal chronic illness like bronchial asthma and threatened abortion were found to be associated with the occurrence of NSOFCS in the studied population.
Authors: Olutayo James; Olufemi A Erinoso; Ajoke O Ogunlewe; Wasiu L Adeyemo; Akinola L Ladeinde; Mobolanle O Ogunlewe Journal: Ann Maxillofac Surg Date: 2020-08-24