Anne M Verstegen1, Margaret M Tish2, Luca P Szczepanik3, Mark L Zeidel3, Joel C Geerling4. 1. Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. 2. Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA. 3. Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. 4. Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA. Electronic address: joel-geerling@uiowa.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Our understanding of the neural circuits controlling micturition and continence is constrained by a paucity of techniques for measuring voiding in awake, behaving mice. NEW METHOD: To facilitate progress in this area, we developed a new, non-invasive assay, micturition video thermography (MVT), using a down-facing thermal camera above mice on a filter paper floor. RESULTS: Most C57B6/J mice void infrequently, with a stereotyped behavioral sequence, and usually in a corner. The timing of each void is indicated by the warm thermal contrast of freshly voided urine. Over the following 10-15 min, urine cools to ∼3 °C below the ambient temperature and spreads radially in the filter paper. By measuring the area of cool contrast comprising this "thermal void spot," we can derive the initially voided volume. Thermal videos also reveal mouse behaviors including a home-corner preference apart from void spots, and a stereotyped, seconds-long pause while voiding. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS AND CONCLUSIONS: MVT is a robust, non-invasive method for measuring the timing, volume, and location of voiding. It improves on an existing technique, the void spot assay, by adding timing information, and unlike the cystometrogram preparation, MVT does not require surgical catheterization. Combining MVT with current neuroscience techniques will improve our understanding of the neural circuits that control continence, which is important for addressing the growing number of patients with urinary incontinence as the population ages.
BACKGROUND: Our understanding of the neural circuits controlling micturition and continence is constrained by a paucity of techniques for measuring voiding in awake, behaving mice. NEW METHOD: To facilitate progress in this area, we developed a new, non-invasive assay, micturition video thermography (MVT), using a down-facing thermal camera above mice on a filter paper floor. RESULTS: Most C57B6/J mice void infrequently, with a stereotyped behavioral sequence, and usually in a corner. The timing of each void is indicated by the warm thermal contrast of freshly voided urine. Over the following 10-15 min, urine cools to ∼3 °C below the ambient temperature and spreads radially in the filter paper. By measuring the area of cool contrast comprising this "thermal void spot," we can derive the initially voided volume. Thermal videos also reveal mouse behaviors including a home-corner preference apart from void spots, and a stereotyped, seconds-long pause while voiding. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS AND CONCLUSIONS: MVT is a robust, non-invasive method for measuring the timing, volume, and location of voiding. It improves on an existing technique, the void spot assay, by adding timing information, and unlike the cystometrogram preparation, MVT does not require surgical catheterization. Combining MVT with current neuroscience techniques will improve our understanding of the neural circuits that control continence, which is important for addressing the growing number of patients with urinary incontinence as the population ages.
Authors: Dale E Bjorling; Zunyi Wang; Chad M Vezina; William A Ricke; Kimberly P Keil; Weiqun Yu; Lianyu Guo; Mark L Zeidel; Warren G Hill Journal: Am J Physiol Renal Physiol Date: 2015-04-22
Authors: Anne M J Verstegen; Nataliya Klymko; Lin Zhu; John C Mathai; Reina Kobayashi; Anne Venner; Rachel A Ross; Veronique G VanderHorst; Elda Arrigoni; Joel C Geerling; Mark L Zeidel Journal: Curr Biol Date: 2019-08-15 Impact factor: 10.834
Authors: Weiqun Yu; Cheryl Ackert-Bicknell; John D Larigakis; Bryce MacIver; William D Steers; Gary A Churchill; Warren G Hill; Mark L Zeidel Journal: Am J Physiol Renal Physiol Date: 2014-04-09
Authors: Joel C Geerling; Minjee Kim; Carrie E Mahoney; Stephen B G Abbott; Lindsay J Agostinelli; Alastair S Garfield; Michael J Krashes; Bradford B Lowell; Thomas E Scammell Journal: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol Date: 2015-10-21 Impact factor: 3.619