Natalie Nardone1, Marian Shahid2, Andrew A Strasser3, Delia A Dempsey4, Neal L Benowitz5. 1. Clinical Pharmacology Research Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 3130 20(th) Street Suite 308, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA. Electronic address: natalie.nardone@ucsf.edu. 2. Department of Neurology, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Dr. Room H3144, MC 5235, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Electronic address: mshahid@stanford.edu. 3. Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street Suite 4100, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Electronic address: strasse3@mail.med.upenn.edu. 4. Clinical Pharmacology Research Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 3130 20(th) Street Suite 308, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16(th) Street, Box 0110, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. Electronic address: delia.dempsey@ucsf.edu. 5. Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, 530 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experiment Therapeutics, Departments of Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA. Electronic address: neal.benowitz@ucsf.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: A faster rate of nicotine metabolism has been associated with smoking more cigarettes, greater nicotine withdrawal symptoms, and lower smoking quit rates. However, the association between nicotine metabolic rate (NMR) and cognitive functioning during withdrawal has not been determined. METHODS: We compared cognitive function in 121 fast or slow nicotine metabolizers after smoking, and at 3 and 6 h of nicotine abstinence. Cognitive functioning was assessed using N-back working memory tests with outcomes of accuracy and processing speed. Participants smoked two cigarettes and then abstained from smoking for 6 h. N-back tests were administered after smoking (0 h) and at 3 and 6 h of nicotine abstinence. RESULTS: An effect of processing speed was found over time on the 2-back, in that participants had significantly longer average reaction times when the stimuli presented did not match the target letter. NMR was not significantly associated with the processing speed change over time. Within-race differences in working memory were evident in that Caucasian fast metabolizers had significantly poorer accuracy and processing speed. CONCLUSIONS: Minimal change in working memory over 6 h of nicotine abstinence was observed. Overall, NMR was not significantly associated with the change in processing speed, however Caucasian fast metabolizers displayed poorer accuracy and processing speed at discrete time points.
BACKGROUND: A faster rate of nicotine metabolism has been associated with smoking more cigarettes, greater nicotine withdrawal symptoms, and lower smoking quit rates. However, the association between nicotine metabolic rate (NMR) and cognitive functioning during withdrawal has not been determined. METHODS: We compared cognitive function in 121 fast or slow nicotine metabolizers after smoking, and at 3 and 6 h of nicotine abstinence. Cognitive functioning was assessed using N-back working memory tests with outcomes of accuracy and processing speed. Participants smoked two cigarettes and then abstained from smoking for 6 h. N-back tests were administered after smoking (0 h) and at 3 and 6 h of nicotine abstinence. RESULTS: An effect of processing speed was found over time on the 2-back, in that participants had significantly longer average reaction times when the stimuli presented did not match the target letter. NMR was not significantly associated with the processing speed change over time. Within-race differences in working memory were evident in that Caucasian fast metabolizers had significantly poorer accuracy and processing speed. CONCLUSIONS: Minimal change in working memory over 6 h of nicotine abstinence was observed. Overall, NMR was not significantly associated with the change in processing speed, however Caucasian fast metabolizers displayed poorer accuracy and processing speed at discrete time points.
Authors: Paul Faulkner; Dara G Ghahremani; Rachel F Tyndale; Neil E Paterson; Chelsea Cox; Nathaniel Ginder; Gerhard Hellemann; Edythe D London Journal: Addict Biol Date: 2018-10-11 Impact factor: 4.280
Authors: Kathryn C Ross; Noah R Gubner; Rachel F Tyndale; Larry W Hawk; Caryn Lerman; Tony P George; Paul Cinciripini; Robert A Schnoll; Neal L Benowitz Journal: Pharmacol Biochem Behav Date: 2016-05-11 Impact factor: 3.533
Authors: Amanda Kaufmann; Brian Hitsman; Patricia M Goelz; Anna Veluz-Wilkins; Sonja Blazekovic; Lindsay Powers; Frank T Leone; Peter Gariti; Rachel F Tyndale; Robert A Schnoll Journal: Addict Behav Date: 2015-07-26 Impact factor: 3.913