Yongwei Guo1, Xiaoyi Hou1, Alexander C Rokohl1, Renbing Jia2, Ludwig M Heindl1,3. 1. Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. 2. Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. 3. Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, Cologne, Germany.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Three-dimensional (3D) imaging has become increasingly popular in aesthetic surgery. However, few studies have emphasized its application in the periocular region. OBJECTIVE: To provide evidence supporting the reliability of generalizing periocular measurements obtained using caliper-derived direct anthropometry and 2-dimensional (2D) photogrammetry to 3D stereophotogrammetry. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Periocular surfaces were captured using a stereophotogrammetry system for 46 normal Caucasian individuals. Twenty-two periocular variables were directly, 2-dimensionally, and 3-dimensionally measured. Reliability of these measurements was evaluated and compared with each other. RESULTS: The results revealed that, for direct (intra-rater reliability only), 2D, and 3D anthropometry, overall intra-rater and inter-rater intraclass correlation coefficient estimates were 0.88, 0.99 and 0.97, and 0.98 and 0.92, respectively; mean absolute differences were 0.84 mm, 0.26 and 0.36 units, and 0.35 and 0.67 units, respectively; technical error of measurement (TEM) estimates were 0.85 mm, 0.25 and 0.36 units, and 0.32 and 0.65 units, respectively; relative error measurement estimates were 6.46%, 1.69% and 2.74%, and 1.67% and 5.11%, respectively; and relative TEM estimates were 6.25%, 1.62% and 2.78%, and 2.12% and 5.12%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Stereophotogrammetry and the authors' landmark location protocol yield very good reliability for a series of 2D and 3D measurements.
BACKGROUND: Three-dimensional (3D) imaging has become increasingly popular in aesthetic surgery. However, few studies have emphasized its application in the periocular region. OBJECTIVE: To provide evidence supporting the reliability of generalizing periocular measurements obtained using caliper-derived direct anthropometry and 2-dimensional (2D) photogrammetry to 3D stereophotogrammetry. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Periocular surfaces were captured using a stereophotogrammetry system for 46 normal Caucasian individuals. Twenty-two periocular variables were directly, 2-dimensionally, and 3-dimensionally measured. Reliability of these measurements was evaluated and compared with each other. RESULTS: The results revealed that, for direct (intra-rater reliability only), 2D, and 3D anthropometry, overall intra-rater and inter-rater intraclass correlation coefficient estimates were 0.88, 0.99 and 0.97, and 0.98 and 0.92, respectively; mean absolute differences were 0.84 mm, 0.26 and 0.36 units, and 0.35 and 0.67 units, respectively; technical error of measurement (TEM) estimates were 0.85 mm, 0.25 and 0.36 units, and 0.32 and 0.65 units, respectively; relative error measurement estimates were 6.46%, 1.69% and 2.74%, and 1.67% and 5.11%, respectively; and relative TEM estimates were 6.25%, 1.62% and 2.78%, and 2.12% and 5.12%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Stereophotogrammetry and the authors' landmark location protocol yield very good reliability for a series of 2D and 3D measurements.
Authors: Wanlin Fan; Yongwei Guo; Xiaoyi Hou; Jinhua Liu; Senmao Li; Sitong Ju; Philomena Alice Wawer Matos; Michael Simon; Alexander C Rokohl; Ludwig M Heindl Journal: Front Med (Lausanne) Date: 2022-03-11
Authors: Xiaoyi Hou; Alexander C Rokohl; Yongwei Guo; Ludwig M Heindl; Marius M Meinke; Jinhua Liu; Senmao Li; Wanlin Fan; Ming Lin; Renbing Jia Journal: Aesthetic Plast Surg Date: 2021-07-07 Impact factor: 2.708
Authors: Xiaoyi Hou; Alexander C Rokohl; Marius M Meinke; Senmao Li; Jinhua Liu; Wanlin Fan; Ming Lin; Renbing Jia; Yongwei Guo; Ludwig M Heindl Journal: Quant Imaging Med Surg Date: 2021-08
Authors: Zhouxiao Li; Yimin Liang; Thilo Ludwig Schenck; Konstantin Frank; Riccardo Enzo Giunta; Konstantin Christoph Koban Journal: J Pers Med Date: 2022-01-06