Pectin-GPTMS-Based Biomaterial: toward a Sustainable Bioprinting of 3D scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Application.

Developing green and nontoxic biomaterials, derived from renewable sources and processable through 3D bioprinting technologies, is an emerging challenge of sustainable tissue engineering. Here, pectin from citrus peels was cross-linked for the first time with (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) through a one-pot procedure. Freeze-dried porous pectin sponges, with tunable properties in terms of porosity, water uptake, and compressive modulus, were obtained by controlling GPTMS content. Cell experiments showed that GPTMS did not affect the cytocompatibility of pectin. The addition of GPTMS improved the printability of pectin due to an increase of viscosity and yield stress. Three-dimensional woodpile and complex anatomical-shaped scaffolds with interconnected micro- and macropores were, therefore, bioprinted without the use of any additional support material. These results show the great potential of using pectin cross-linked with GPTMS as biomaterial ink to fabricate patient-specific scaffolds, which could be used to promote tissue regeneration in vivo.