Maryam Tahvildari1,2, Takenori Inomata1,3,4, Afsaneh Amouzegar1, Reza Dana1. 1. Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. 2. Kresge Eye Institute, Department of ophthalmology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI. 3. Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo, Japan. 4. Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Strategic Operative Room, Management and Improvement, Tokyo, Japan.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Corneal allografts placed in vascularized or inflamed host beds are at increased risk of graft rejection due to the preponderance of activated immune cells in the host bed. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are master regulators of the adaptive immune response and play a key role in the induction of immune tolerance. The aim of this review is to discuss mechanisms through which Tregs mediate tolerance in corneal transplantation and the novel therapeutic approaches that target Tregs to promote transplant survival. RECENT FINDINGS: The inflammatory environment of high-risk allografts not only promotes activation of effector T cells and their infiltration to graft site, but also impairs Treg immunomodulatory function. Recent studies have shown that expansion of Tregs and enhancing their modulatory function significantly improve graft survival. SUMMARY: As our understanding of the cellular and molecular pathways in corneal transplantation has deepened, novel therapeutic strategies have been developed to improve allograft survival. In this review, we discuss therapeutic approaches that focus on Tregs to promote corneal allograft survival.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Corneal allografts placed in vascularized or inflamed host beds are at increased risk of graft rejection due to the preponderance of activated immune cells in the host bed. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are master regulators of the adaptive immune response and play a key role in the induction of immune tolerance. The aim of this review is to discuss mechanisms through which Tregs mediate tolerance in corneal transplantation and the novel therapeutic approaches that target Tregs to promote transplant survival. RECENT FINDINGS: The inflammatory environment of high-risk allografts not only promotes activation of effector T cells and their infiltration to graft site, but also impairs Treg immunomodulatory function. Recent studies have shown that expansion of Tregs and enhancing their modulatory function significantly improve graft survival. SUMMARY: As our understanding of the cellular and molecular pathways in corneal transplantation has deepened, novel therapeutic strategies have been developed to improve allograft survival. In this review, we discuss therapeutic approaches that focus on Tregs to promote corneal allograft survival.
Entities:
Keywords:
alloantigen specific graft acceptance; antigen presenting cells; corneal transplantation; graft rejection; immune tolerance; plasticity of regulatory T cells; regulatory T cells
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