[Primary obstructive megaureter: a domain of conservative treatment].

The term "megaureter" is an entirely descriptive designation for a number of different entities. It is crucial to distinguish between primary and secondary forms of megaureter and between obstructive and/or refluxive forms. In the majority of cases, there is a primary obstruction in the terminal ureterovesical segment. The treatment of primary obstructive megaureter has changed fundamentally over the last 3 decades. Whereas ureteral reimplantation was the treatment of choice in the past, conservative treatment is now preferred in 85 to 90 % of patients. With the advent of endoscopic balloon dilatation, a modern, minimally-invasive treatment option has become an alternative to ureteral reimplantation in selected patients. However, due to the possibility of postoperative VUR (vesicoureteral reflux), it is necessary to emphasize that this option should not weaken the generally strict indication for surgical treatment of primary obstructive megaureter. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.