Natalia A Skritskaya1, Christine Mauro2, Angel Garcia de la Garza2, Franziska Meichsner3, Barry Lebowitz4, Charles F Reynolds5, Naomi M Simon6, Sidney Zisook4, M Katherine Shear1. 1. School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, New York. 2. Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York. 3. Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany. 4. Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego and San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California. 5. Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. 6. Department of Psychiatry, NYU Langone Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:Prolonged grief disorder (PGD) is a new diagnosis in the 11th edition of the International Classification of Diseases, estimated to affect 1 in 10 bereaved people and causing significant distress and impairment. Maladaptive thoughts play an important role in PGD. We have previously validated the typical beliefs questionnaire (TBQ), which contains five kinds of thinking commonly seen in PGD: protesting the death, negative thoughts about the world, needing the person, less grief is wrong, and grieving too much. The current paper examines the role of maladaptive cognition as measured by the TBQ in PGD and its change with treatment. METHODS: Among participants in a multisite clinical trial including 394 adults, we examined (a) the relationship between maladaptive thoughts at baseline and treatment outcomes, (b) the relationship between maladaptive thoughts and suicidality at baseline and posttreatment, and (c) the effect of treatment with and without complicated grief therapy (CGT) on maladaptive thinking. RESULTS:TBQ scores were associated with treatment outcomes and were strongly related to suicidal thinking before and after treatment. TBQ scores showed significantly greater reduction in participants who received CGT with citalopram versus citalopram alone (adjusted mean standard error [SE] difference, -2.45 [0.85]; p = .004) and those who received CGT with placebo versus placebo alone (adjusted mean [SE] difference, -3.44 [0.90]; p < .001). CONCLUSIONS:Maladaptive thoughts, as measured by the TBQ, have clinical and research significance for PGD and its treatment.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND:Prolonged grief disorder (PGD) is a new diagnosis in the 11th edition of the International Classification of Diseases, estimated to affect 1 in 10 bereaved people and causing significant distress and impairment. Maladaptive thoughts play an important role in PGD. We have previously validated the typical beliefs questionnaire (TBQ), which contains five kinds of thinking commonly seen in PGD: protesting the death, negative thoughts about the world, needing the person, less grief is wrong, and grieving too much. The current paper examines the role of maladaptive cognition as measured by the TBQ in PGD and its change with treatment. METHODS: Among participants in a multisite clinical trial including 394 adults, we examined (a) the relationship between maladaptive thoughts at baseline and treatment outcomes, (b) the relationship between maladaptive thoughts and suicidality at baseline and posttreatment, and (c) the effect of treatment with and without complicated grief therapy (CGT) on maladaptive thinking. RESULTS:TBQ scores were associated with treatment outcomes and were strongly related to suicidal thinking before and after treatment. TBQ scores showed significantly greater reduction in participants who received CGT with citalopram versus citalopram alone (adjusted mean standard error [SE] difference, -2.45 [0.85]; p = .004) and those who received CGT with placebo versus placebo alone (adjusted mean [SE] difference, -3.44 [0.90]; p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Maladaptive thoughts, as measured by the TBQ, have clinical and research significance for PGD and its treatment.
Authors: Holly Prigerson; Irshad Ahmed; Gabriel K Silverman; Atulya K Saxena; Paul K Maciejewski; Selby C Jacobs; Stanislav V Kasl; Noorulain Aqeel; Munir Hamirani Journal: Death Stud Date: 2002-12
Authors: Ilanit Tal; Christine Mauro; Charles F Reynolds; M Katherine Shear; Naomi Simon; Barry Lebowitz; Natalia Skritskaya; Yuanjia Wang; Xin Qiu; Alana Iglewicz; Danielle Glorioso; Julie Avanzino; Julie Loebach Wetherell; Jordan F Karp; Don Robinaugh; Sidney Zisook Journal: Death Stud Date: 2016-11-28
Authors: H G Prigerson; P K Maciejewski; C F Reynolds; A J Bierhals; J T Newsom; A Fasiczka; E Frank; J Doman; M Miller Journal: Psychiatry Res Date: 1995-11-29 Impact factor: 3.222
Authors: Kelly Posner; Gregory K Brown; Barbara Stanley; David A Brent; Kseniya V Yershova; Maria A Oquendo; Glenn W Currier; Glenn A Melvin; Laurence Greenhill; Sa Shen; J John Mann Journal: Am J Psychiatry Date: 2011-12 Impact factor: 18.112
Authors: Maarten C Eisma; Henk A W Schut; Maggie S Stroebe; Paul A Boelen; Jan van den Bout; Wolfgang Stroebe Journal: Br J Clin Psychol Date: 2014-09-17