Mohamed Elfil1, Nada Ahmed1, Amritha Alapati1, Rucha Bahekar1, Mohamed Kandil1, Christine Kim1,2, Sara Schaefer1, Sule Tinaz1,2, Amar S Patel1, John M de Figueiredo3, Elan D Louis1,2,4, Brian B Koo5,6,7. 1. Department of Neurology, Yale University, 15 York Street, LCI 710, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA. 2. Center for Neuroepidemiology and Clinical Neurologic Research, Yale, New Haven, CT, USA. 3. Department of Psychiatry, Yale, New Haven, CT, USA. 4. Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. 5. Department of Neurology, Yale University, 15 York Street, LCI 710, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA. brian.koo@yale.edu. 6. Center for Neuroepidemiology and Clinical Neurologic Research, Yale, New Haven, CT, USA. brian.koo@yale.edu. 7. Department of Neurology, Connecticut Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA. brian.koo@yale.edu.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine suicide risk and lifetime suicidal ideation in Parkinson disease (PD) patients versus controls and how depression, demoralization, and insomnia are associated with suicidality. METHODS: In this case-control study, PD patients and matched controls were recruited from movement disorder clinics, Michael J. Fox Foundation, and Research Match websites. Suicide risk and suicidal ideation were assessed using the Suicidal Behavior Questionnaire-revised (SBQ-R) and Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale. Lifetime depression was assessed using the Brief Lifetime Depression Scale, sleep using Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), demoralization using Diagnostic Criteria for Psychosomatic Research and Kissane Demoralization Scales, and non-motor symptoms using UPDRS Non-Motor Aspects of Experiences of Daily Living scale (nM-EDL). RESULTS: 186 PD participants and 177 controls were matched for age (64.2 ± 7.7 years), sex (48.8% female), and socioeconomics. PD participants were not more likely than controls to have high suicide risk (SBQ-R ≥ 7) (7.5% vs. 11.3%; p = 0.22) or to have had a lifetime suicide plan or attempt (2.7% vs. 5.1%; p = 0.24), but were less likely to have had lifetime suicidal ideation (23.1% vs. 35.0%; p = 0.01). PD participants were more likely than controls to have lifetime depression history (34.4% vs. 20.9%; p = 0.004), and demoralization (19.9% vs. 10.7%; p = 0.02), and had higher ISI scores (8.7 ± 5.8 vs. 5.1 ± 4.5; p < 0.0001). PD patients with high versus normal suicide risk had higher nM-EDL scores (16.5 ± 6.8 vs. 10.7 ± 5.9; p = 0.002), and more demoralization (71.4% vs. 21.5%; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Suicide risk is not elevated and suicidal ideation is uncommon in PD, despite the high prevalence of depression and demoralization.
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine suicide risk and lifetime suicidal ideation in Parkinson disease (PD) patients versus controls and how depression, demoralization, and insomnia are associated with suicidality. METHODS: In this case-control study, PDpatients and matched controls were recruited from movement disorder clinics, Michael J. Fox Foundation, and Research Match websites. Suicide risk and suicidal ideation were assessed using the Suicidal Behavior Questionnaire-revised (SBQ-R) and Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale. Lifetime depression was assessed using the Brief Lifetime Depression Scale, sleep using Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), demoralization using Diagnostic Criteria for Psychosomatic Research and Kissane Demoralization Scales, and non-motor symptoms using UPDRS Non-Motor Aspects of Experiences of Daily Living scale (nM-EDL). RESULTS: 186 PDparticipants and 177 controls were matched for age (64.2 ± 7.7 years), sex (48.8% female), and socioeconomics. PDparticipants were not more likely than controls to have high suicide risk (SBQ-R ≥ 7) (7.5% vs. 11.3%; p = 0.22) or to have had a lifetime suicide plan or attempt (2.7% vs. 5.1%; p = 0.24), but were less likely to have had lifetime suicidal ideation (23.1% vs. 35.0%; p = 0.01). PDparticipants were more likely than controls to have lifetime depression history (34.4% vs. 20.9%; p = 0.004), and demoralization (19.9% vs. 10.7%; p = 0.02), and had higher ISI scores (8.7 ± 5.8 vs. 5.1 ± 4.5; p < 0.0001). PDpatients with high versus normal suicide risk had higher nM-EDL scores (16.5 ± 6.8 vs. 10.7 ± 5.9; p = 0.002), and more demoralization (71.4% vs. 21.5%; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Suicide risk is not elevated and suicidal ideation is uncommon in PD, despite the high prevalence of depression and demoralization.
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