Traditional and Non-traditional Clinical and Biochemical Risk Factors for Altered Kidney Function in Type II Diabetes mellitus Patients.

Background:Exploring the risk factors associated with increased albumin excretion is necessary in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, due to the fact that such patients are exposed to an increased risk of progression to diabetic kidney disease and that non-traditional newly emerging factors could be corrected in order to reduce the progression rate. Material and methods:218 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were investigated regarding their urinary albumin/creatinine ratio. Clinical and laboratory data was collected from them, with biochemical investigations including serum uric acid and serum 25-hydroxi-vitamin D (25-OH-vitamin D) measurements. The prevalence of traditional and non-traditional risk factors for increased albumin excretion rate (albumin/creatinine ratio>30 mg/g), hyperuricemia and 25-OH-vitamin D deficiency, was determined after dividing patients into two groups, one with microalbuminuria and the other one with micro- or macroalbuminuria.
Results: Of all patients, 104 (47.93%) had microalbuminuria, while 9.22% (20) presented macroalbuminuria. Poor glucose control (HbA1c .7%), female sex, hyperuricemia (uric acid .7 mg/dL), vitamin D deficiency (25-OH-vitamin D .50 nmol/L), hypertension (systolic hypertension or diastolic hypertension or hypertension treatment) and hypertriglyceridemia (triglycerides .150 mg/dL) had a statistically significant higher prevalence (p<0.05) in the 124 patients with microalbuminuria or macroalbuminuria compared to the 94 subjects wit normaoalbuminuria.
Conclusion: Glucose control, hypertension and dyslipidemia are relevant traditional risk factors for an altered kidney function defined as urinary albumin/creatinine ratio >30 mg/g. However, hyperuricemia and 25-OH-vitamin D deficiency are long time ignored factors that could play an important role in the progression towards diabetic kidney disease.