Rowaedh Ahmed Bawaked1,2, Sílvia Fernández-Barrés2,3,4, Eva Maria Navarrete-Muñoz4,5, Sandra González-Palacios4,5, Mònica Guxens2,3,4,6, Amaia Irizar7, Aitana Lertxundi7, Jordi Sunyer1,2,3,4, Jesus Vioque4,5, Helmut Schröder1,4, Martine Vrijheid2,3,4, Dora Romaguera3,8,9. 1. Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain. 2. Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain. 3. ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain. 4. CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain. 5. Departamento Salud Pública, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, Spain. 6. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands. 7. BIODONOSTIA Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain. 8. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain. 9. CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Identifying modifiable lifestyle behaviors linked to childhood obesity is necessary to develop preventive strategies. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the association of five lifestyle behaviors in children aged 4 years on obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors at age 4 years and on obesity and blood pressure at age 7 years. METHODS: We used child lifestyle data from the INMA project at age 4 years (n = 1480). We constructed a child lifestyle score by summing five behaviors (physical activity, sleep time, television time, plant based foods and intake of ultra-processed foods) and we categorized it into tertiles. At ages 4 and 7 years, we calculated age- and sex-specific z-scores for BMI, waist circumference (WC), and blood pressure. At age 4, we also calculated age-, and sex-, specific z-scores for triglycerides and HDL. We used linear and logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: The lifestyle score was not associated with the outcomes at 4 years, but it was negatively associated with BMI and WC z-scores at age 7 years. Children at age 4 years in the highest tertile of the score had lower risk of overweight or obesity at age 7 years (OR = 0.61; 95% CI 0.39; 0.96) and abdominal obesity (OR = 0.48; 95% CI 0.24; 0.96). CONCLUSIONS: Higher adherence to a healthy lifestyle at age 4 years decreased risk of overweight, obesity and abdominal obesity at 7 years.
BACKGROUND: Identifying modifiable lifestyle behaviors linked to childhood obesity is necessary to develop preventive strategies. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the association of five lifestyle behaviors in children aged 4 years on obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors at age 4 years and on obesity and blood pressure at age 7 years. METHODS: We used child lifestyle data from the INMA project at age 4 years (n = 1480). We constructed a child lifestyle score by summing five behaviors (physical activity, sleep time, television time, plant based foods and intake of ultra-processed foods) and we categorized it into tertiles. At ages 4 and 7 years, we calculated age- and sex-specific z-scores for BMI, waist circumference (WC), and blood pressure. At age 4, we also calculated age-, and sex-, specific z-scores for triglycerides and HDL. We used linear and logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: The lifestyle score was not associated with the outcomes at 4 years, but it was negatively associated with BMI and WC z-scores at age 7 years. Children at age 4 years in the highest tertile of the score had lower risk of overweight or obesity at age 7 years (OR = 0.61; 95% CI 0.39; 0.96) and abdominal obesity (OR = 0.48; 95% CI 0.24; 0.96). CONCLUSIONS: Higher adherence to a healthy lifestyle at age 4 years decreased risk of overweight, obesity and abdominal obesity at 7 years.
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