Soo-Kyung Jun1, Jae-Ryung Cha2, Jonathan C Knowles3, Hae-Won Kim4, Jung-Hwan Lee5, Hae-Hyoung Lee6. 1. Department of Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea; Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea; Department of Dental Hygiene, Kyungdong University, Wonju 26495, South Korea. Electronic address: iris979@hanmail.net. 2. Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea. Electronic address: chajaeryung@naver.com. 3. Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea; UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, South Korea; Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK; The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK. Electronic address: j.knowles@ucl.ac.uk. 4. Department of Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea; Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea; UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, South Korea. Electronic address: kimhw@dku.edu. 5. Department of Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea; Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea; UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, South Korea. Electronic address: ducious@gmail.com. 6. Department of Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea; Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea. Electronic address: haelee@dankook.ac.kr.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Although bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA)-based dental materials are widely used in dentistry, Estrogenicity from released bisphenol A remains a concern due to possibility of adversely affecting the growth of children and homeostasis of adults. Here, a new family of isosorbide-derived biomonomers were synthesized and experimentally utilized as a matrix of dental sealants to provide physico-mechanical and biological properties comparable to those of a conventional Bis-GMA-based material but without the the potential estrogenicity. METHODS: After synthesis of isosorbide-derived biomonomers (ISDB) by light polymerization, an experimental dental sealant with different silica filler concentrations (0-15wt%) was characterized and compared to a commercially available Bis-GMA-based sealant. Cytotoxicity and estrogenicity assays were conducted with human oral keratinocytes and estrogen-sensitive MCF-7 cells, respectively. RESULTS: ISDB-based dental sealants exhibited typical initially smooth surfaces with depth of cure, Vickers hardness, compressive strength/modulus, water resorption/solubility, and flowability comparable to those of the commercial sealant and met the ISO standard for dental sealants and polymer-based restorative materials. Indirect cytotoxicity tests using an extract showed comparable viability among experimental ISDB-based materials and a commercial Bis-GMA-incorporated control. DNA synthesis in MCF-7 cells (a marker of estrogenicity) and the release of bisphenol A under enzymatic incubation were not detected in ISDB-based materials. SIGNIFICANCE: In conclusion, the comparable physico-mechanical properties of ISDB-based materials with their cytocompatibility and lack of estrogenicity suggest the potential usefulness of ISDBs as a newly developed and safe biomaterial.
OBJECTIVE: Although bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA)-based dental materials are widely used in dentistry, Estrogenicity from released bisphenol A remains a concern due to possibility of adversely affecting the growth of children and homeostasis of adults. Here, a new family of isosorbide-derived biomonomers were synthesized and experimentally utilized as a matrix of dental sealants to provide physico-mechanical and biological properties comparable to those of a conventional Bis-GMA-based material but without the the potential estrogenicity. METHODS: After synthesis of isosorbide-derived biomonomers (ISDB) by light polymerization, an experimental dental sealant with different silica filler concentrations (0-15wt%) was characterized and compared to a commercially available Bis-GMA-based sealant. Cytotoxicity and estrogenicity assays were conducted with humanoral keratinocytes and estrogen-sensitive MCF-7 cells, respectively. RESULTS: ISDB-based dental sealants exhibited typical initially smooth surfaces with depth of cure, Vickers hardness, compressive strength/modulus, water resorption/solubility, and flowability comparable to those of the commercial sealant and met the ISO standard for dental sealants and polymer-based restorative materials. Indirect cytotoxicity tests using an extract showed comparable viability among experimental ISDB-based materials and a commercial Bis-GMA-incorporated control. DNA synthesis in MCF-7 cells (a marker of estrogenicity) and the release of bisphenol A under enzymatic incubation were not detected in ISDB-based materials. SIGNIFICANCE: In conclusion, the comparable physico-mechanical properties of ISDB-based materials with their cytocompatibility and lack of estrogenicity suggest the potential usefulness of ISDBs as a newly developed and safe biomaterial.