New therapeutic targets in the treatment of age-related macular degeneration.

Age-related macular degeneration and especially neovascular age-related macular degeneration is the leading cause of low vision in developed countries. Even though the introduction of anti-VEGF drugs in recent years completely changed the management of this condition, its cost, the need for repeated intravitreal injections, and loss of efficacy in the long term are still issues to deal with. Currently, a new generation of novel therapies under development is attempting to address some of these limitations. Some of the most prominent among them are new anti-VEGFs such as brolucizumab or abicipar, drugs against angiopoietin-2 receptor such as faricimab, sustained-release systems, or tyrosine kinase inhibitors. As regards dry age-related macular degeneration, neuroprotection, the complement pathway, and stem cell therapy are the most promising targets currently under investigation.