Masami Hamada1, Etsuko Kajita1, Junko Tamaki2, Katsuyasu Kouda3, Yuho Sato4, Takahiro Tachiki1, Akiko Yura3, Kuniyasu Kamiya2, Akemi Nitta2, Sadanobu Kagamimori5, Masayuki Iki6. 1. Department of Nursing, Chukyo Gakuin University, 2216 Toki-cho, Mizunami, Gifu, 509-6192, Japan. 2. Department of Hygiene & Public Health, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan. 3. Department of Public Health, Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Oonohigashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan. 4. Department of Human life, Jin-ai University, 3-1-1 Ohdecho, Echizen, Fukui, 915-8586, Japan. 5. University of Toyama, 2630, Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan. 6. Department of Public Health, Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Oonohigashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan. Electronic address: masa@med.kindai.ac.jp.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether low bone mineral density (BMD) and history of fracture at baseline are associated with the development of echogenic carotid plaques over a 10-year follow-up period. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective cohort study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Development of echogenic plaques identified by ultrasonography of the carotid arteries. METHODS: Among 1048 women aged 40 or more who completed the baseline survey of the Japanese Population-based Osteoporosis (JPOS) cohort study, 500 women who completed the first decade of follow-up and 267 women who completed the second decade of follow-up were included. We identified history and incidence of clinical osteoporotic fracture during the follow-up through medical interviews, and determined vertebral fractures by morphometry of absorptiometric images. RESULTS: We identified 67 (13.4%) and 31 (11.6%) women with echogenic plaques at the end of first and second decade of follow-up, respectively. Participants with echogenic plaques were significantly older, exhibited lower spine BMD, and had a higher prevalence of osteoporotic fracture, diabetes, and hypertension. A generalized estimating equation analysis was used to combine the participants from the two follow-up periods into a single cohort, and showed that osteoporotic BMD and osteoporotic fractures were significantly associated with the development of echogenic plaques, after adjusting for atherosclerosis risk factors (odds ratio (OR): 2.15, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.04, 4.44; OR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.03, 3.28, respectively). CONCLUSION: Osteoporotic BMD and osteoporotic fracture history were significantly, and independently, associated with an increased occurrence of echogenic plaques. Ultrasonographic screening of the carotid artery may benefit patients with osteoporosis.
OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether low bone mineral density (BMD) and history of fracture at baseline are associated with the development of echogenic carotid plaques over a 10-year follow-up period. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective cohort study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Development of echogenic plaques identified by ultrasonography of the carotid arteries. METHODS: Among 1048 women aged 40 or more who completed the baseline survey of the Japanese Population-based Osteoporosis (JPOS) cohort study, 500 women who completed the first decade of follow-up and 267 women who completed the second decade of follow-up were included. We identified history and incidence of clinical osteoporotic fracture during the follow-up through medical interviews, and determined vertebral fractures by morphometry of absorptiometric images. RESULTS: We identified 67 (13.4%) and 31 (11.6%) women with echogenic plaques at the end of first and second decade of follow-up, respectively. Participants with echogenic plaques were significantly older, exhibited lower spine BMD, and had a higher prevalence of osteoporotic fracture, diabetes, and hypertension. A generalized estimating equation analysis was used to combine the participants from the two follow-up periods into a single cohort, and showed that osteoporotic BMD and osteoporotic fractures were significantly associated with the development of echogenic plaques, after adjusting for atherosclerosis risk factors (odds ratio (OR): 2.15, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.04, 4.44; OR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.03, 3.28, respectively). CONCLUSION:Osteoporotic BMD and osteoporotic fracture history were significantly, and independently, associated with an increased occurrence of echogenic plaques. Ultrasonographic screening of the carotid artery may benefit patients with osteoporosis.
Authors: J Pepe; G Della Grotta; R Santori; V De Martino; M Occhiuto; M Cilli; S Minisola; C Cipriani Journal: J Endocrinol Invest Date: 2021-02-12 Impact factor: 4.256