I Lasheras1, P Seral1, E Latorre2, E Barroso3, P Gracia-García4, J Santabárbara5. 1. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain. 2. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2- (Universidad de Zaragoza - CITA), Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain. Electronic address: evalatorre@unizar.es. 3. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain. 4. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain; Psychiatry Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Ministry of Science and Innovation, Madrid, Spain. 5. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Ministry of Science and Innovation, Madrid, Spain.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The high frequency of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has drawn attention to the composition of gut microbiota as a possible factor in ASD pathogenesis. However, characterization of a distinctive ASD microbial pattern is still unclear. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a narrative review on ASD microbial profile and diversity changes relative to NT children and FGID comorbidity and ASD pathogenesis. METHODOLOGY: First, we searched the PubMed database in peer-reviewed journals for evidence regarding the current epidemiological evidence on FGID comorbidity. For the identification of a microbial profile in ASD children, only original studies examining gut bacterial and fungal abundances and diversity in ASD children and adolescents were included. Lastly, research on the role of microbial dysbiosis as an interface between genetic and environmental risk factors in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders, and specifically ASD, was examined. RESULTS: Prevalence and risk of FGIDs is significantly higher in ASD children and correlates with the severity of ASD. Bacterial and fungal diversity differ between ASD and NT children, indicating a difference in taxonomic abundance profiles, which have been reported at all bacterial phylogenetic levels. However, studies analyzing gut microbiota have a heterogeneous methodology and several limitations that could account for the variety of findings for each taxon. Also, covariate analysis reveals influence of demographics, diet, disease severity, GI comorbidity and allergies. Integration of these findings with changes in metabolome and genetic risk factors allowed for a better understanding of microbiota involvement in ASD pathogenesis for future research.
INTRODUCTION: The high frequency of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has drawn attention to the composition of gut microbiota as a possible factor in ASD pathogenesis. However, characterization of a distinctive ASD microbial pattern is still unclear. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a narrative review on ASD microbial profile and diversity changes relative to NT children and FGID comorbidity and ASD pathogenesis. METHODOLOGY: First, we searched the PubMed database in peer-reviewed journals for evidence regarding the current epidemiological evidence on FGID comorbidity. For the identification of a microbial profile in ASDchildren, only original studies examining gut bacterial and fungal abundances and diversity in ASDchildren and adolescents were included. Lastly, research on the role of microbial dysbiosis as an interface between genetic and environmental risk factors in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders, and specifically ASD, was examined. RESULTS: Prevalence and risk of FGIDs is significantly higher in ASDchildren and correlates with the severity of ASD. Bacterial and fungal diversity differ between ASD and NT children, indicating a difference in taxonomic abundance profiles, which have been reported at all bacterial phylogenetic levels. However, studies analyzing gut microbiota have a heterogeneous methodology and several limitations that could account for the variety of findings for each taxon. Also, covariate analysis reveals influence of demographics, diet, disease severity, GI comorbidity and allergies. Integration of these findings with changes in metabolome and genetic risk factors allowed for a better understanding of microbiota involvement in ASD pathogenesis for future research.
Authors: Oscar W H Wong; Angela M W Lam; Brian P N Or; Flora Y M Mo; Caroline K S Shea; Kelly Y C Lai; Suk Ling Ma; Se Fong Hung; Sandra Chan; Thomas N Y Kwong; Sunny Wong; Patrick W L Leung Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2022-06-23 Impact factor: 4.996
Authors: Aranyak Goswami; Frank R Wendt; Gita A Pathak; Daniel S Tylee; Flavio De Angelis; Antonella De Lillo; Renato Polimanti Journal: Front Neuroendocrinol Date: 2021-05-04 Impact factor: 8.333